1. Bellringer: 4/18 + 4/19 1. Pick up the papers by the door. 2. Use the image to the right to fill in your Africa map. 3. Update your ToC: – 140: Notes: Africa – 141: Maps: Africa & the Americas – 142: Folk Legends Reading/Chart

2. SAHARA DESERT Niger River Congo River Zambezi River Limpopo River Timbuktu

3. Rulers of the Nile: Egypt Egypt

4. Rulers of the Nile: Kush EgyptKush (Nubia)

5. Rulers of the Nile: Assyria, Persia, Rome EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome)

6. Rulers of the Nile: Assyria, Persia, Rome EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome)

7. Rulers of the Nile: Assyria, Persia, Rome EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome)

8. Rulers of the Nile: Aksum EgyptKush (Nubia) Mesopotamians (Assyria, Persia, Rome) Aksum

9. What were three geographically important features around the empire of Aksum? 1. Red Sea 2. Rivers 3. Arabian Peninsula

10. Aksum Aksum was a prosperous trading empire Traded with Europe, Arabia, Egypt, Persia, India

11. Aksum Where is it? – Ethiopian highlands – Became the Ethiopians Adopted Christianity – Stayed Christian until modern times

12. Aksum Cool facts – Written language (Ge’ez) – Steles

13. Great Zimbabwe Powerful inland trade city in Southern Africa – Powerful because it’s near gold Power through trade – Zambezi and Limpopo rivers, Indian Ocean coast of Africa

14. Great Zimbabwe Mysterious – Giant circular walls that don’t look defensive – City was suddenly abandoned

15. Great Zimbabwe Mysterious – Giant circular walls that don’t look defensive – City was suddenly abandoned

16. West Africa What is the most important geographic feature of West Africa?

17. West Africa

18. Trade West Africa has something everybody wants West Africa needs something they can get from the desert What’s the best way to get stuff across a desert? GOLD! Salt Camels

19. Gold-Salt Trade Know this.

21. Gold-Salt Trade Gold: west and south Africa  world Salt: the Sahara  west Africa  world Ideas and goods: Mediterranean region into Sub-Saharan Africa – Islam expands through trade, not war

22. West African Empires All three West African Empires became powerful in the same way = TRADE! – Control the trade ! People who lived where the best gold mines were built armies and conquered everyone else

24. 1. Ghana First empire in West Africa Led by a king – Controlled the supply of gold – Collected taxes – Protected traders Safety Fairness

26. 2. Mali Gold mines shifted east so new people take over Sundiata = creates an empire, first emperor (“mansa”) of Mali Mansa Musa = most famous of the Mali leaders – Expands empire – Hajj Ibn Battuta: historian/traveler Timbuktu – center of trade

29. 3. Songhai Gold mines shifted east so new people take over Continue gold/salt trade into 1500s-1600s Conquered by Moroccans with guns (effects of industrialization)

30. Religion in Africa Original African religion was based on the belief in nature and ancestor spirits, called animism Trade spreads Islam throughout West Africa and East African coast – Mali and Songhai

31. Map Activity + Folk Legends Activities Once you’re finished with the map, you can begin your West African folk legends reading. It contains 3 short stories. After reading each one, fill in the corresponding row on the folk legends chart. You will have the rest of class to work on this. If you do not finish, it becomes your homework. Homework: Finish folk legends chart; bring your textbooks next class

32. Folktales