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Ancient Africa 1500 B.C. – 1500 A.D..

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Presentation on theme: "Ancient Africa 1500 B.C. – 1500 A.D.."— Presentation transcript:

1 Ancient Africa 1500 B.C. – 1500 A.D.

2 Georgia State Standards
SSWH6: The Student will describe the diverse characteristics of early African societies before 1800 C.E. Identify the Bantu migration patterns and contribution to settled agriculture. Describe the development and decline of the Sudanic kingdoms (Ghana, Mali, Songhai); include the roles of Sundiata, and the pilgrimage of Mansa Musa to Mecca. Describe the trading networks by examining trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt, and slaves; include the Swahili trading cities. Analyze the process of religious syncretism as a blending of traditional African beliefs with new ideas from Islam and Christianity. Analyze the role of geography and the distribution of resources played in the development of trans-Saharan trading networks.

3 African Geography Desert Savanna Rainforest Mediterranean
Sahara dominates northern Africa Kalahari largest desert in southern Africa Savanna Best areas for herd animals and growing of grains Rainforest Diverse life forms and natural resources, very difficult to travel through or live in Tsetse flies Mediterranean Small region in northern Africa that supports abundant life

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5 Tsetse Fly & African Sleeping Sickness

6 Early Sub-Saharan African Life
East Africa was the beginning of human life “Lucy” Nomadic herders Masi and other groups still practice Agriculture develops (~6,000 B.C.) Permanent settlements develop Animism = ? Griots = ? West African Iron Age Nok Culture (Niger River Valley) Trade city of Djenne-Djeno Use of Iron tools

7 Push-Pull Factors Chart page 221 3 main migration factors
Environmental Economic Political

8 Migration of the Bantu Peoples
Trace the Bantu Migrations on your map of Africa (page 222) Where did they go? How did they adapt to each region? Slash & burn Raising cattle Adopting new crops Why did they migrate? Agriculture led to more land use and great population

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10 Effects of Bantu Migration
Forced interaction between different groups (BaMbuti and San) Some mixed, some left, some fought Brought new technologies to regions Brought Bantu ideas about politics and social organization Centralized language branch throughout the continent

11 Kingdom of Aksum South of Kush International trade center (Adulis)
Modern day Ethiopia and Eritrea International trade center (Adulis) Caravans to Egypt through Meroe Access to Mediterranean Sea & Indian Ocean through Red Sea Exported: salt, ivory, emeralds, gold Imported: cloth, glass, wine, iron, copper

12 Kingdom of Aksum (cont.)
Ezana (325 – 360 A.D.) Expanded territory into Arabian Peninsula (modern day Yemen) Conquered Kush Converted to Christianity Made official religion for Aksum Decline &Isolation Islamic invaders began to cut into the empire and take-over trade routes Moved to the mountains of northern Ethiopia Remained isolated for a few hundred years

13 West African Societies

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15 Ghana (700 – 1076 A.D.) Use of camels led to development of the trans-Sahara trade routes Gold-Salt Trade Arab and Berber traders Gold from western Africa, salt from Sahara Empire of Ghana developed from taxing trade routes Ghana’s kings convert to Islam Led to literacy (learning to read the Qur’an) 1076 – Muslim Almoravids conquered

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17 Mali (1235 – 1400s) Gold deposits east of Ghana allowed Mali empire to gain wealth and power by moving the trade routes 2 important leaders Sundiata United Mali Led to period of peace and prosperity Mansa Musa (1312 – 1332) Muslim leader Expanded empire to twice the size of Ghana Hajj to Mecca in exposed riches of Mali to Arab peninsula New trade centers develop (Timbuktu and Gao)

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20 Songhai (1400s – 1500s) Gained control of trade routes due to gold deposits near Niger River (Gao) 2 important leaders Sunni Ali Muslim leader Conquered Timbuktu & Djenne Military hero Askia Muhammad Overthrew Sunni Ali’s son Spread more orthodox Islam Efficient and fair ruler Conquered by Moroccans in 1591 (guns)

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22 East Coast Trade Cities
Islamic Influence New trade centers on Indian Ocean after fall of Aksum Spread Muslim religion along trade routes Slave trade Swahili language group Mix of Bantu & Arabic City-states Kilwa, Sofala, Mogadishu Great Zimbabwe (1200s – 1450) Shona people’s in south-eastern Africa Controlled trade routes Disappeared suddenly Portuguese Conquest (1488)

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