2. William McKinley (1843 – 1901) The 25th President of the United States. McKinley led the nation to victory in the Spanish–American War, raised protective tariffs to promote American industry, and maintained the nation on the gold standard in a rejection of inflationary proposals. McKinley was assassinated by Leon Czolgosz, a second-generation Polish-American with anarchist leanings, in 1901, and was succeeded by Vice President Theodore Roosevelt.

3. Theodore Roosevelt (1858 –1919) Passed the Sherman Antitrust Act to regulate unfair business practices. Began construction of the Panama Canal. Settled a coal strike. Nobel Peace Prize winner. Colonel of the Rough Riders in the Spanish-American War. Created the National Park Service, providing federal protection for millions of acres.

4. William H. Taft (1857 –1930) 27th President of the United States and later the tenth Chief Justice of the United States. Taft reduced delays and streamlined operations in the justice system.

5. Woodrow Wilson (1856 –1924) 28th president of the United States. He saw America through World War I, and negotiated the Versailles Treaty. Many parts of his Fourteen Point Plan were part of the treaty, including a League of Nations, a precursor to the United Nations. He suffered a stroke during the last year of his presidency. Left sweeping reforms for the middle class, voting rights for women and precepts for world peace as his legacy.

6. Warren G. Harding (1865 – 1923) The 29th President of the United States. He promised America a "return to normalcy", with an end to violence and radicalism, a strong economy, and independence from European intrigues. He rewarded his friends and contributors, known as the Ohio Gang, with powerful positions. Multiple cases of corruption were exposed, including the notorious Teapot Dome scandal, once regarded as the "greatest and most sensational scandal in the history of American politics.“ In 1923, Harding suddenly collapsed and died in California.

7. The 30th President of the United States. Coolidge restored public confidence in the White House after the scandals of the Harding administration. As a Coolidge biographer put it, "He embodied the spirit and hopes of the middle class.” He gained a reputation as a small-government conservative, & also as a man who said very little. Some later criticized Coolidge as part of a general criticism of laissez-faire government. Calvin Coolidge (1872 – 1933)

8. The 31st president of the United States, whose term was notably marked by the stock market crash of 1929 and the beginnings of the Great Depression. He was elected just eight months before the stock market crash. Hoover’s policies could not overcome the economic destruction and despair that resulted. Herbert Hoover (1874 —1964)

9. John F. Kennedy (1917 –1963) 1)35th U.S. president, 2)Defeated Richard Nixon in 1960 election 3)Negotiated the Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty 4)Initiated the Alliance for Progress. 5)Created the Peace Corps 6)Authorized the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba 7)Presided over the Cuban Missile Crisis 8)Assassinated in 1963.

10. Lyndon B. Johnson (1908-1973) Often referred to as LBJ 36th President of the U.S. Domestic policy – “Great Society.” Signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution allowed him to commit U.S. troops to Vietnam. The Economic Opportunity Act established the Office of Economic Opportunity which became the foundation of the "War on Poverty."

11. Richard Nixon (1913 –1994) 1)37th U.S. president 2)Successfully negotiated the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 3)Achieved détente with China and the Soviet Union. 4)Reduced trade restrictions against China 5)Traveled to China for talks with Mao Zedong 6)Expanded the Vietnam War into Laos & Cambodia 7)Negotiated U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam 8)Only president to resign after the 1970s Watergate scandal.

12. Jimmy Carter (1924 – Present)  39th President of the United States.  Negotiated the Camp David Accords, a peace agreement between Israel and Egypt.  Iran Hostage Crisis  Created the Departments of Energy and Education

13. Ronald Reagan (1911 –2004) 40th President of the United States. Implemented policies to reduce government, including tax cuts intended to spur growth known as "supply-side economics“ or “Reaganomics During his terms, the Berlin Wall fell and communism ended in Eastern Europe. He sent 800 U.S. Marines to Lebanon and ordered U.S. invasion of Grenada. Iran-Contra Affair involved selling weapons to Iran then using money from the weapons sale to buy guns for the "Contra" guerrillas in Nicaragua.

14. George Bush Sr. (1924 – Present)  41st President of the United States.  First Gulf War  Broke a campaign promise not to increase taxes to deal with an economic recession, and budget deficits

15. Bill Clinton (1946-Present) U.S. enjoyed more peace and economic well being than at any time in its history. Lowest unemployment rate in modern times, Lowest inflation in 30 years, Highest home ownership in the country's history, dropping crime rates, and reduced welfare rolls. He proposed the first balanced budget in decades & achieved a budget surplus. In 1998, as a result of issues surrounding personal indiscretions. Clinton was the 2 nd U.S. president to be impeached. He was found not guilty.

16. George W. Bush (1946-Present) 43rd President of the United States. President during the 9/11 terrorist attacks. Bush announced the War on Terror, which included the war in Afghanistan in 2001 and the war in Iraq in 2003. He signed broad tax cuts, the PATRIOT Act, the No Child Left Behind Act, & the Partial-Birth Abortion Ban Act, into law.

17. Barack Obama (1961-Present) The 44th and current President of the United States, and the first African American to hold the office. Passed the “American Recovery and Reinvestment Act” in 2008, and passed the controversial “Affordable Care Act” in 2010.

18. Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882 –1945) 32nd U.S. president Only president to be elected 4 times. Led the U.S. through the Great Depression and World War II. Greatly expanded the powers of the federal government through a series of programs & reforms known as the “New Deal.” Pushed U.S. factories to become an “arsenal of democracy“ Used the “Lend Lease” policy to aid allies in World War II. Attended conferences in Casablanca, Tehran, & Yalta during World War II

19. Harry Truman (1884 –1972) The 33rd president. In his first months in office he dropped the atomic bomb on Japan, ending World War II. The Truman Doctrine, his policy of communist containment started the Cold War, and he initiated U.S. involvement in the Korean War.

20. Dwight D. Eisenhower (1890-1969) "Ike" was the 34th President of the United States. He was a five-star general in the United States Army during WW II and served as Supreme Allied Commander. Commander of the D-Day invasion in 1944. Strengthened Social Security, and launched the Interstate Highway system. Sent federal troops to Little Rock, AR, to enforce desegregation of Central High School. Made strong efforts to wage the Cold War.

21. Douglas MacArthur (1880 –1964) An American general who commanded Allied forces in the Pacific Theater during World War II. He oversaw the occupation of Japan from 1945 to 1951. He led the United Nations Command in the Korean War until he was removed from command by President Harry S. Truman on 11 April 1951.

22. John J. Pershing (1860 –1948) "Black Jack" Pershing, was a general officer in the United States Army who led the American Expeditionary Forces in World War I.

23. Omar Bradley (1893 –1981) A United States Army field commander in North Africa and Europe during World War II, and a General of the Army. From the Normandy landings through the end of the war in Europe, Bradley had command of all U.S. ground forces invading Germany from the west.

24. George Patton (1885 –1945) A general in the United States Army, best known for his command of the Seventh United States Army, and later the Third United States Army, in the European Theater of World War II. America's greatest combat general of World War II. He was an expert at tank warfare.

25. Chester W. Nimitz (1885 –1966) A Fleet Admiral of the United States Navy. He held the dual command of Commander in Chief, United States Pacific Fleet, for U.S. naval forces and Commander in Chief, Pacific Ocean Areas, for U.S. and Allied air, land, and sea forces during World War II. Nimitz was the leading U.S. Navy authority on submarines

26. George Marshall (1880 –1959) An American military leader, served as chief of staff from 1939 to 1945. The Marshall Plan, offered U.S. aid to help Europe quickly rebuild and modernize its economy after WW II.

27. Alvin York (1887 –1964), Known also by his rank, Sergeant York, was one of the most decorated American soldiers in World War I. On one mission he shot over 20 German soldiers and brought in a total of 132 German prisoners. He received the Congressional Medal of Honor, and the French Croix de Guerre

28. Hector P. Garcia (1914-1996) A Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum.

29. Martin Luther King Jr. (1929 –1968) An American clergyman, activist, humanitarian, and leader in the African- American Civil Rights Movement. He is best known for his role in the advancement of civil rights using nonviolent civil disobedience.

30. Thurgood Marshall (1908 –1993) An Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, serving from October 1967 until October 1991. Marshall was the Court's 96th justice and its first African American justice.

31. César Chavez (1927-1993) An American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist, who, with Dolores Huerta, co- founded the National Farm Workers Association.

32. Rosa Parks (1913 –2005) An African-American civil rights activist, whom the United States Congress called "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement".

33. Malcom X (1925 – 1965) An African-American Muslim minister and a human rights activist. To his admirers he was a courageous advocate for the rights of blacks, a man who indicted white America in the harshest terms for its crimes against black Americans; detractors accused him of preaching racism and violence. He has been called one of the greatest and most influential African Americans in history. He was assassinated in 1965.

34. Medgar Evers (1925 – 1963) An African-American civil rights activist from Mississippi involved in efforts to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi. Evers was assassinated in 1963

35. Betty Friedan (1921 –2006) An American writer, activist and feminist. A leading figure in the women's movement in the United States, her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique is often credited with sparking the second wave of American feminism in the 20th century.

36. George Wallace An American politician and the 45th governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat: 1963–1967, 1971–1979 and 1983– 1987. Supported Segregation. (1919 –1998)

37. Orval Faubus (1910 –1994) Served six consecutive terms as governor of Arkansas. Most widely remembered for his attempt to block the desegregation of Little Rock’s Central High School in 1957. His stand against “forced integration” resulted in President Eisenhower’s sending federal troops to Little Rock to enforce the 1954 desegregation ruling of the Supreme Court.

38. Lester Maddox (1915 –2003) An American politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. A populist governor and Democrat, Maddox came to prominence as a staunch segregationist.

39. Ida B. Wells (1862 –1931) An African-American journalist, newspaper editor, suffragist, sociologist and, with her husband, newspaper owner Ferdinand L. Barnett, an early leader in the civil rights movement.

40. W.E.B. DuBois (1868 - 1963) An American sociologist, historian, civil rights activist, Pan-Africanist, author and editor. One of the co-founders of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909. He protested against lynching, Jim Crow laws, and discrimination in education and employment.

41. Langston Hughes (1902 –1967) An American poet, social activist, novelist, playwright, and columnist. He was a central figure of the Harlem Renaissance. Hughes used his poetry, novels, plays, and essays to champion his people and voice his concerns about race and social justice.

42. Dorthea Lange An influential American documentary photographer and photojournalist, best known for her Depression-era work for the Farm Security Administration. (1895 –1965)

43. Eleanor Roosevelt (1884 –1962) An American political leader who used her influence as an active First Lady from 1933 to 1945 to promote the New Deal policies of her husband, President Franklin D. Roosevelt, as well as taking a prominent role as an advocate for civil rights.

44. Dolores Huerta (1930- Present) A labor leader and civil rights activist who, along with César Chávez, co-founded the National Farmworkers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers.

45. Upton Sinclair An American author who wrote close to one hundred books. He achieved popularity in the first half of the twentieth century, acquiring particular fame for his classic muckraking novel, The Jungle. (1878 –1968)

46. Frances Willard (1839 – 1898) An American educator, temperance reformer, & women's suffragist. Her influence was instrumental in the passage of the 18 th & 19 th Amendments to the United States Constitution.

47. Susan B. Anthony A prominent American civil rights leader and feminist who played a pivotal role in the 19th century women's rights movement to introduce women's suffrage into the United States. (1820 –1906)

48. Jane Addams (1860 –1935) A pioneer settlement social worker, public philosopher, sociologist, author, and leader in women's suffrage and world peace. One of the most prominent reformers of the Progressive Era. She helped turn the US to issues such as the needs of children, public health, and world peace. Adams co-founded Hull House in Chicago, Illinois, the first settlement house in the United States. In 1931 she became the first American woman to be awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.

49. Jacob Riis (1849 –1914) A social reformer, "muckraking" journalist & social documentary photographer. He is known for using his photographic & journalistic talents to help the impoverished in New York City; those impoverished New Yorkers were the subject of most of his prolific writings & photography. While living in New York, Riis became a police reporter writing about the quality of life in the slums. He attempted to alleviate the bad living conditions of poor people by exposing their living conditions to the middle & upper classes.

50. Lincoln Steffens (1866 –1936) The son of a wealthy businessman 1902- 1911 editor of McClure’s Magazine Published books and articles focusing on municipal corruption. Through his articles and books, such as The Shame of the Cities and The Struggle for Self-Government ; Steffens exposed corrupt political machines in St. Louis, Chicago, Philadelphia, and New York. Steffens also spoke out about the exclusion of African American voters in the south. Steffen’s work paved the way for the break-up of these political machines as well as important municipal legislation.

51. Thomas Nast (1840-1902) American cartoonist, best known for his attack on the political machine of William M. Tweed in New York City in the 1870s. Known as the “Father of the American Political Cartoon,” a title earned no doubt because of his scathing political caricatures of Boss Tweed and New York City’s Democratic political machine at Tammany Hall. Thomas Nast's artistic wit attacked slavery and brought down a big crime boss.

52. Ida Tarbell (1857 – 1944) An American teacher, author and journalist. She was one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era. She wrote an expose that led to the breakup of the Standard Oil Company's monopoly.

53. Vernon J. Baker (1919 –2010) A United States Army officer who received the Medal of Honor, the highest military award given by the United States Government for his valorous actions during World War II.

54. Roy Benavidez Master Sergeant in the United States Army. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions in combat near Lộc Ninh, South Vietnam on May 2, 1968. (1935 –1998)

55. William Jennings Bryan (1860 –1925) A leading American politician from the 1890s until his death. Democratic and Populist leader and a powerful speaker, viewed as a champion of liberal causes. He ran unsuccessfully three times for the U.S. presidency (1896, 1900, 1908). In the Scopes trial in July 1925, Bryan assisted in the prosecution of a teacher, accused of teaching the theory of evolution, rather than the doctrine of divine creation.

56. Clarence Darrow (1857 –1938) An American lawyer and leading member of the American Civil Liberties Union, best known for defending teenage thrill killers Leopold and Loeb. In 1925 he defended John T. Scopes, a teacher accused of teaching evolution rather than divine creation. His main opponent in the case was William Jennings Bryan, who believed the literal interpretation of the Bible. Although it is claimed that Darrow outshone Bryan during the Scopes Trial, Scopes was found guilty.

57. Charles Lindbergh Nicknamed Lucky Lindy, was an American aviator, author, inventor, explorer, and social activist. He made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean in May 1927. The kidnapping and murder of Lindberg’s first born son made national headlines for nearly three years. (1902 –1974)

58. Amelia Earhart An American aviation pioneer and author. Earhart was the first female aviator to fly solo across the Atlantic Ocean. Mysteriously disappeared in the Pacific Ocean while trying to circumnavigate the globe from the equator. (1897-1939)

59. Louis Armstrong (1901 – 1971) Nicknamed Satchmo or Pops, was a jazz trumpeter and singer. He is considered one of the most influential jazz artists of all time, is remembered for songs like 'Star Dust,' 'La Via En Rose,' 'What a Wonderful World.'

60. Booker T. Washington (1856 – 1915) An African-American educator, author, orator, & advisor to presidents of the United States. Between 1890 & 1915, Washington was the dominant leader in the African-American community. He became a leading voice of former slaves & their descendants, who were newly oppressed by disfranchisement & the Jim Crow discriminatory laws enacted in the post-Reconstruction Southern states.

61. Josephine Baker (1906–1975) An American-born dancer, singer, & actress who came to be known in various circles as the "Black Pearl," "Bronze Venus" and even the "Creole Goddess.“ Baker was the first African-American woman to star in a major motion picture, Zouzou (1934) or to become a world-famous entertainer. Baker, who refused to perform for segregated audiences in America, is also noted for her contributions to the Civil Rights Movement.

62. Duke Ellington An American composer, pianist and bandleader of jazz orchestras. His career spanned over 50 years, leading his orchestra from 1923 until death. The most prolific composer of the 20 th century in terms of number of compositions and variety of forms. (1899 –1974)

63. Samuel Clemens (1835 – 1910) Better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author & humorist. He wrote The Adventures of Tom Sawyer & its sequel, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the latter often called "the Great American Novel."

64. John Steinbeck An American writer, widely known for the Pulitzer Prize-winning novel The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden and the novella Of Mice and Men. (1902 –1968)

65. Ernest Hemmingway (1899 –1961) An American author and journalist. His economical and understated style had a strong influence on 20th-century fiction, while his life of adventure influenced later generations. Wrote Farewell to Arms, The Old Man and the Sea, etc.

66. Maya Angelou (1928–2014) Dr. Maya Angelou is one of the most renowned and influential voices of our time. Dr. Angelou is a celebrated poet, memoirist, novelist, educator, actress, dramatist, producer, historian, filmmaker, and civil rights activist.

67. Boss Tweed (1823 –1878) Leader of New York City's corrupt Tammany Hall political organization during the 1860s and early 1870s. Tweed became a powerful figure in Tammany Hall, New York City's Democratic political machine, in the late 1850s. By the mid 1860s, he had formed the "Tweed Ring," which openly bought votes, encouraged judicial corruption, extracted millions from city contracts.

68. Glenn Curtiss (1878 –1930) An American aviation pioneer and a founder of the U.S. aircraft industry. Known as the father of naval aviation. Among many other important aviation accomplishments, Curtiss was responsible for the first aircraft to take off from/land on the decks of ships at sea.

69. Joseph McCarthy (1908 –1957) A Senator from Wisconsin who publicly charged that 205 communists had infiltrated the U.S. State Department. Used his position to launch investigations designed to expose Communists in government. He used suspect evidence and was seen as a bully. He was censured by the Senate.

70. Sandra Day O’Connor (1930-present) Was the first woman appointed to the U.S. Supreme Court. O'Connor voted for certain limits on access to abortion, but supported the fundamental right to abortion.

71. Warren Burger 15th Chief Justice of the United States from 1969 to 1986. Although Burger was a conservative, the Supreme Court delivered a variety of transformative decisions on abortion, capital punishment, religious establishment, and school desegregation during his tenure. (1907-1995)

72. Sonia Sotomayor First Hispanic Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States, and its third female justice. (1954-present)

73. J.P. Morgan An American financier, banker, philanthropist and art collector who dominated corporate finance and industrial consolidation during his time. He bought the Carnegie Steel Company in 1901 for $500 million to create U.S. Steel. (1837-1913)

74. John D. Rockefeller An American business magnate and philanthropist. He was a co-founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. (1839-1937)

75. Andrew Carnegie (1835-1919) A Scottish-American industrialist who led the enormous expansion of the American steel industry in the late 19th century. He was among the most famous and wealthy industrialists of his day.

76. Cornelius Vanderbilt An American tycoon, businessman, and philanthropist who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. (1794 –1877)

77. William Randolph Hearst An American newspaper publisher who built the nation’s largest newspaper chain. Hearst used “Yellow Journalism,” to build mass appeal for newspapers with bold headlines, aggressive news gathering, generous use of cartoons & illustrations. Hearst’s coverage of the Cuban crisis & the Spanish-American War were often based on no actual evidence - & used rumor, propaganda, & sensationalism to stoke public outrage against Spain. (1863-1951)

78. Henry Ford An American industrialist, the founder of the Ford Motor Company, and developed the assembly line technique of mass production. Ford’s Model T cars were once all over America. (1863 –1947)

79. Bill Gates An American business magnate, investor, programmer, inventor & philanthropist. He is founder, technology advisor and board member of Microsoft Corporation, the worldwide leader in software. (1955-Present)

80. Sam Walton Known for building a single franchise store into the world's largest company, Wal-Mart. An amazing entrepreneur who went from dime - store merchant to richest man in America in just 30 years. (1918 –1992)

81. Oprah Winfrey (1954 – Present) An American media proprietor, talk show host, actress, producer, & philanthropist. Best known for her self-titled, multi- award-winning talk show, which has become the highest-rated program of its kind in history & was nationally syndicated from 1986 to 2011. She has been ranked the richest African-American of the 20th century, the greatest black philanthropist in American history, & was for a time the world's only black billionaire. She is also, one of the most influential women in the world.

82. Estée Lauder (1906 – 2004) An American businesswoman. Estée Lauder founded her cosmetics company in 1946 with four products and an unshakeable belief: that every woman can be beautiful. Estee Lauder became one of the wealthiest self-made women in America.

83. The Wright Brothers Orville (1871 –1948) Wilbur (1867 –1912) American brothers, inventors, and aviation pioneers who were credited with inventing and building the world's first successful airplane and making the controlled, powered and sustained heavier-than-air human flight, on December 17, 1903.

84. Thomas Edison (1847 –1931) An American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb.

85. An American scientist, botanist, educator, & inventor. He is believed to have been born into slavery in Missouri. Carver's reputation is based on his research into and promotion of alternative crops to cotton, such as peanuts, soybeans and sweet potatoes, which also aided nutrition for farm families. He also developed and promoted about 100 products made from peanuts, including cosmetics, dyes, paints, plastics, gasoline, and nitroglycerin. He received numerous honors. George Washington Carver (1864-1943)

86. Tuskegee Airmen (Red Tails) All-black combat unit formed in 1941 99th Fighter Squadron formed in Alabama Escorted bombers over central Europe Proved superior or equal to white pilots

87. Flying Tigers American pilots who volunteered to serve in the Chinese Air Force before U.S. entered the war Later transferred to the United States after Pearl Harbor Played a vital role in the air war in China and Burma

88. Navajo Code Talkers Members of the Navajo tribe Used to transmit messages in the Pacific Theater Based on the Navajo language Navajo words frequently substituted for military terms Code was never broken

89. Rosie the Riveter A symbol of working women during the war Based on factory worker Rose Will Monroe Miller and Rockwell both created iconic “Rosie” images

90. Formed in 1943 Made up of Nisei Fought with distinction in Italy and France Most decorated combat unit in U.S. history The 442 nd Regiment

91. Sitting Bull A Hunkpapa Lakota chief & holy man under whom the Lakota tribes united in their struggle for survival on the northern plains. Sitting Bull refused to bring his people to the Sioux reservation which led to the Battle of the Little Bighorn, where the Sioux & Cheyenne wiped out five troops of Custer's 7th Cavalry. Sitting Bull remained defiant toward American military power & contemptuous of American promises to the end. (1831-1890)

92. Crazy Horse (1840 –1877) Native American war leader of the Oglala Lakota. He took up arms against the U.S. to fight against encroachments on Lakota land & way of life, including leading a war party to victory at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in June 1876.

93. Geronimo (1829 –1909) A prominent leader of the Bedonkohe Apache who fought against Spain, Mexico, Texas and the U.S. for their expansion into Apache tribal lands for several decades during the Apache Wars.

94. Quanah Parker (1845 or 1852-1911) One of the last Comanche chiefs, & the last leader of the powerful Quahadi band before they gave up their battle of the Great Plains & went to a reservation in Indian Territory. He was the son of Comanche chief Peta Nocona & Cynthia Ann Parker, an English-American, who had been kidnapped at the age of nine & assimilated into the tribe. Quanah Parker also led his people on the reservation, where he became a wealthy rancher & influential in Comanche & European American society.

95. Chief Joseph He led his people on one of the most remarkable retreats in military history. Over four months, Chief Joseph and 700 followers, embarked on a 1,400-mile march toward Canada. The journey included several impressive victories against a U.S. force of more than 2,000 soldiers. By the fall of 1877 Chief Joseph & his people were within 40 miles of Canada, but were too exhausted to continue to fight. Chief Joseph surrendered, delivering one of the great speeches in U.S. history. “…From where the sun now stands, I will fight no more forever."

96. George Armstrong Custer (1839 – 1876) A U.S. Army officer & cavalry commander in the American Civil War & the American Indian Wars. Custer was admitted to West Point in 1858, where he graduated last in his class. Custer developed a strong reputation during the Civil War. After the Civil War, he was sent to the west to fight in the American Indian Wars. Custer & all the men with him were killed at the Battle of the Little Bighorn in 1876, a battle that has come to be known in American history as "Custer's Last Stand."

97. Jackie Robinson (1919 –1972) Jackie Robinson became the first African-American player in the major leagues in 1947, with the Brooklyn Dodgers. He was named Rookie of the Year in 1947.

98. Babe Ruth (1895 – 1948) An American baseball outfielder & pitcher who played 22 seasons in Major League Baseball from 1914 to 1935. Nicknamed "the Bambino" & "the Sultan of Swat", he began his career as a stellar left-handed pitcher for the Boston Red Sox, but achieved his greatest fame as a slugging outfielder for the New York Yankees. Ruth established many MLB batting (and some pitching) records, including career home runs (714), slugging percentage (.690), runs batted in (RBIs) (2,213), & bases on balls (2,062), some of which have been broken. He was one of the first five inductees into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1936.

99. Jessie Owens An American track and field athlete and four-time Olympic gold medalist. At the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany, Owens won international fame with four gold medals: 100 meters, 200 meters, long jump, and 4x100 meter relay. He was the most successful athlete at the games & as such has been credited with "single-handedly crushing Hitler's myth of Aryan supremacy." (1913 – 1980)

100. Jim Thorpe (1888 – 1953) An American athlete of both Native American and European ancestry. Considered one of the most versatile athletes of modern sports, he won Olympic gold medals for the 1912 pentathlon and decathlon, played American football (collegiate and professional), & also played pro baseball and basketball. He lost his Olympic titles after it was found he was paid for playing semi-pro baseball before competing in the Olympics, thus violating the amateurism rules that were then in place. In 1983, the IOC (International Olympic Committee) restored his Olympic medals.

101. Alfred T. Mahan (1840 —1914) U.S. naval officer & historian. His classic analysis The Influence of Sea Power upon History, 1660 – 1783 argued that sea power was decisive in determining national supremacy. He argued that sea power—the strength of a nation’s navy—was the key to strong foreign policy. Mahan stressed the interdependence of military & commercial control of the sea.

102. Sanford B. Dole Sanford Ballard Dole led a group of American sugar planters in the overthrow of Queen Liliu’okalani, the Hawaiian monarch, & establish a new government with Dole as president. The coup occurred with the foreknowledge of the U.S., & 300 U.S. Marines from the U.S. cruiser Boston were sent to Hawaii, allegedly to protect American lives. President William McKinley appointed Dole to be the first territorial governor after U.S. annexation of Hawaii. (1844 —1926)

103. H. Ross Perot An American businessman best known for being an independent presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996. Has an estimated net worth of about $3.5 billion in 2012, he is ranked by Forbes as the 134th-richest person in the United States. (1930 – Present)

104. Huey Long Nicknamed The Kingfish, was the 40th Governor of Louisiana from 1928 to 1932 & a member of the United States Senate from 1932 until his assassination in 1935. Long championed the "little man" against the rich and privileged. He wanted the government to confiscate the wealth of the nation's rich and privileged. He called his program “Share Our Wealth.” It called upon the federal government to guarantee every family in the nation an annual income of $5,000, so they could have the necessities of life, including a home, a job, a radio and an automobile. Everyone over age 60 would receive an old-age pension. His slogan was “Every Man A King.” (1893 —1935)

105. Eugene V. Debs (1855 – 1926) An American union leader, one of the founding members of the Industrial Workers of the World, & five times the candidate of the Socialist Party for President of the United States. Debs was instrumental in the founding of the American Railway Union (ARU), one of the nation's first industrial unions. Debs called a boycott of the ARU against handling trains with Pullman cars in 1894, in what became the nationwide Pullman Strike. As a leader of the ARU, Debs was convicted of defying a court injunction against the strike & served six months in prison. Debs was noted for his oratory, & his speech denouncing American participation in World War I led to his second arrest in 1918. He was convicted under the Espionage Act of 1917 and sentenced to a term of 10 years. President Warren G. Harding commuted his sentence in December 1921.

106. Marcus Garvey (1887-1940) A Jamaican political leader, publisher, journalist, entrepreneur, and orator who was a staunch proponent of the Black nationalism and Pan-Africanism movements. Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL). He founded the Black Star Line, which promoted the return of Africans in America to their ancestral lands in Africa.

107. Neil Armstrong An American astronaut and the first person to walk on the Moon. He was also an aerospace engineer, naval aviator, test pilot, and university professor. (1930-2012)

108. John Glenn (1930 – Present) A retired United States Marine Corps pilot, astronaut, and United States senator. He was a combat aviator in the Marine Corps, and a member of the Mercury Seven; the first American astronauts. In 1962 Glenn became the first American to orbit the Earth and the fifth person in space. In 1998, at age 77, he became the oldest person to fly in space, and the only one to fly in both the Mercury and Space Shuttle programs.

109. Ralph Nader (1934 – Present) An American political activist, as well as an author, lecturer, and attorney. Areas of particular concern to Nader include consumer protection, humanitarianism, environmentalism, and democratic government. Nader wrote the book Unsafe at Any Speed, a critique of the safety record of American automobile manufacturers. He is a five-time candidate for President of the United States, having run as a write-in candidate, as the Green Party nominee & as an independent candidate.

110. Henry Cabot Lodge (1850 – 1924) An American Republican Senator and historian from Massachusetts. He was also a friend and confidant of Theodore Roosevelt. He is best known for his positions on foreign policy, especially his battle with President Woodrow Wilson in 1919 over the Treaty of Versailles. Lodge demanded Congressional control of declarations of war; Wilson refused & blocked Lodge's move to ratify the treaty with reservations. The U.S. never joined the League of Nations.

111. Robert F. Kennedy (1925 – 1968) Commonly known as "Bobby" or by his initials RFK, was an American politician from Massachusetts. He was the 64th U.S. Attorney General from 1961 to 1964, and served as a Senator for New York from 1965 until his assassination in 1968. An icon of modern American liberalism and member of the Democratic Party, Kennedy was a leading candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination in the 1968 election.

112. Hillary Clinton (1947 – Present) A former United States Secretary of State, U.S. Senator, and First Lady of the United States. From 2009 to 2013, she was the 67th Secretary of State, serving under President Barack Obama. She previously represented New York in the U.S. Senate (2001 to 2009). In the 2008 election, Clinton was a leading candidate for the Democratic presidential nomination.

113. Samuel Gompers (1850 – 1924) An English-born American cigar maker who became a labor union leader and a key figure in American labor history. Gompers was the first and longest-serving president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL). Under his leadership, the AFL became the largest and most influential labor federation in the world.

114. Elvis Presley (1935 – 1977) An American singer, musician, and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20 th century, he is often referred to as "the King of Rock and Roll", or simply, "the King". Presley appeared on CBS's Ed Sullivan Show. Presley was shot from only the waist up to hide his hip gyrations. It was his first appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show that made Presley a national celebrity. ushisteoc

115. Earl Warren (1891 – 1974) Chief Justice of the U.S. Supreme Court (1953-1969). Decisions of the Warren Court, ended school segregation & made decisions regarding the rights of the accused, ending public school-sponsored prayers, & requiring "one man–one vote" rules of apportionment of voting districts. The Warren Court issued four landmark decisions: Brown v. Board of Education Brown v. Board of Education (1954), Gideon v. Wainwright (1963), Gideon v. Wainwright Reynolds v. Sims Reynolds v. Sims (1964), and Miranda v. Arizona (1966). Miranda v. Arizona

116. Dennis Banks A Native American leader, teacher, lecturer, activist and author, is an Anishinaabe born on Leech Lake Indian Reservation in northern Minnesota. He has been a longtime leader of the American Indian Movement, which he cofounded in 1968 with Native Americans in Minneapolis. (1937 - Present)

117. Russell Means (1939-2012) An American Oglala Lakota activist for the rights of Native American peopleand libertarian political activist. He became a prominent member of the American Indian Movement (AIM) after joining the organization in 1968, and helped organize notable events that attracted national & international media coverage.

118. Phyllis Schlafly (1924-Present) An American conservative activist, author, and speaker and founder of the Eagle Forum. Known for her social and political conservatism, her opposition to modern feminism, and her successful campaign against the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Her 1964 book A Choice, Not an Echo was issued in millions of copies as an attack on Republican Governor Nelson Rockefeller and the Eastern Republican Establishment.

119. Ray Stannard Baker (1870-1946) An American journalist & author. Also known by his pen name David Grayson. He covered the Pullman Strike and Coxey's Army in 1894. Baker wrote the book Following the Color Line, becoming the first prominent journalist to examine America's racial divide.

120. Queen Lili’uokalani (1838-1917) Hawaii's first queen and final sovereign ruler before the islands were annexed by the United States in 1898. After she attempted to establish a new constitution that would restore power to the monarchy and the Hawaiian people, an elite class of businessmen and wealthy landowners staged a coup. To spare her people a bloody conflict, Liliuokalani stepped down. In 1894 annexationists established the Republic of Hawaii, with Sanford Dole named its first president.

121. Lionel Sosa (1939-Present) A Hispanic-American advertising & marketing executive and political consultant. Sosa grew up in San Antonio, Texas. In 1978, John Tower hired Sosa's ad agency to court the Hispanic vote for his run for the U. S. Senate. Tower won 37% of the Hispanic vote. Several national companies, sought Sosa’s advice for reaching the Hispanic audience. In 1980 Sosa created a new agency, Sosa and Associates which became the largest Hispanic advertising agency in the United States. Sosa's experience led him to become active in Republican politics, serving as an adviser to the Republican campaigns, of Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush. In 2005 Sosa was named one of the twenty five most influential Hispanics in America by Time Magazine. Sosa was also named to the Texas Business Hall of fame.

122. (1899-1947) Alphonse Gabriel "Al" Capone was an American gangster who attained fame during the Prohibition era as the boss of the Chicago Outfit. His reign as crime boss ended when he was 33 years old. The Saint Valentine's Day Massacre, resulted in the killing of seven gang rivals in broad daylight. Newspapers dubbed him "Public Enemy No. 1". Federal authorities prosecuted him for tax evasion in 1931. Capone was convicted and sentenced to 11 years in federal prison. Al Capone

123. Billy Graham (1918-Present) An American evangelical Christian evangelist, ordained as a Southern Baptist minister, who rose to celebrity status in 1949 reaching moderately conservative Protestants. He held large indoor and outdoor rallies; sermons were broadcast on radio and television, some still being re- broadcast today. In his six decades of television, Graham is principally known for hosting the annual Billy Graham Crusades, from 1947 to 2005. He also hosted The Hour of Power, which was the longest- running religious show on television.

124. Barry Goldwater (1909-1998) An American politician and businessman who was a five- term United States Senator from Arizona and the Republican Party's nominee for president in 1964. Goldwater is credited for sparking the American conservative political movement in the 1960s.

125. Robert Johnson (1911-1938) An American singer-songwriter and musician. His landmark recordings in 1936 and 1937 display a combination of singing, guitar skills, and songwriting talent that has influenced later generations of musicians. Johnson's shadowy and poorly documented life and death at age 27 have given rise to much legend, including the myth that he sold his soul to the devil at a crossroads to achieve success. Johnson played mostly on street corners, in juke joints, and at Saturday night dances. He had little commercial success or public recognition in his lifetime.

126. Robert La Follette (1855-1925) A Republican politician who is best known as a proponent of progressivism and a fierce opponent to corporate power. He served as a member of the U.S. House of Representatives, the Governor of Wisconsin and a U.S. Senator from Wisconsin during his career. He also ran for President in 1924.

127. J. Edgar Hoover (1895-1972) The first Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation of the United States, appointed director of the Bureau of Investigation-predecessor to the FBI-in 1924. He was instrumental in founding the FBI in 1935. Hoover is credited with building the FBI into a modern crime-fighting agency. Hoover became controversial for exceeding the jurisdiction of the FBI and using the FBI to harass political dissenters & activists, amassing secret files on political leaders, and collecting evidence using illegal methods. Hoover amassed a great deal of power.

128. Stephen King (1947 - Present) An American author of contemporary horror, super natural fiction, suspense, science fiction, and fantasy. His books have sold more than 350 million copies. Many of his stories have been adapted into feature films, miniseries, television shows, and comic books.