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Department of Energy Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO TOWARDS ASTANA Expo 2017 – “Future Energy” District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency.

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Presentation on theme: "Department of Energy Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO TOWARDS ASTANA Expo 2017 – “Future Energy” District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency."— Presentation transcript:

1 Department of Energy Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO TOWARDS ASTANA Expo 2017 – “Future Energy” District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel Noussan, Marco Masoero Politecnico di Torino, Department of Energy

2 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino District Heating and Cooling District heating and district cooling have the goal of connecting local resources to local needs in order to build up a sustainable energy system. District energy is a proven solution for delivering heating, hot water and cooling services through a network of insulated pipes, from a central point of generation to the end user. Some crucial aspects are the global system conversion efficiency, the environmental impacts and the economic sustainability. DH&DC

3 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino District HeatingDH

4 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Evolution of District HeatingDH

5 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino District heating vs Conventional energy system A modern integrated district energy system provides significant advantages compared to the conventional energy production system. The integration allows optimizing energy efficiency and exploiting local available sources (e.g. renewables). DH

6 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Opportunities for DH systems GHG Emissions reduction Cost-effective emissions reductions, due to fuel switching and to decreases in primary energy consumption. Air quality improvement Reduced indoor and outdoor air pollution and their associated health impacts, through reduced fossil fuel consumption. Energy efficiency improvement Operational efficiency gains of up to 90 per cent through use of district energy infrastructure to link the heat and electricity sectors. Use of local and renewable sources Harnessing of local energy sources, including from waste streams, reject heat, natural water bodies and renewable energy. Piloting of new technologies, such as thermal storage, to integrate variable renewables. Resilience and energy access Reduced import dependency and fossil fuel price volatility. Management of electricity demand and reduced risk of brownouts. DH

7 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Heat demand in European Union In the EU around 73% of the population live in cities, rising to an estimated 80% by 2030. At present 69% of total primary energy demands are concentrated in urban areas. DH

8 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino DH systems in European Union There are more than 5.000 DH systems in E.U., currently supplying more than 10% of total European heat demands with an annual turnover of €25-30 billion and 2 EJ (556 TWh) heat sales. Market penetration of District Heating is unevenly distributed, being close to zero in some countries while reaching as high as 70% of the heat market in others. DH

9 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Final heat demand by source The heat demand of the final users can be obtained by a number of different sources, depending on the country. The district heating penetration, which is higher in northern countries, compete with traditional generation technologies. http://www.intechopen.com/books/sustainable-energy-recent-studies/district-heating-and-cooling-enable-efficient-energy-resource-utilisation DH Heat generation share in some northern countries.

10 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino DH and Policies The DH development often requires the support of energy strategies and policies at national and local level. Long-term national energy strategies that provide a framework for local DH development in cities. Specific local district energy targets (e.g. GHG emissions or primary energy consumption reduction, increase of RES or waste heat re-use share, etc.) Holistic energy plans by integrating energy infrastructure and land use planning City-wide/zonal mandatory connection policies Crucial role of Local Authorities in Public financing, fiscal incentives, pilot plants etc. DH

11 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Reykjavik – Geothermal DH system In operation since 1943 (1930). Population of the service area: 200,000 900 MW geothermal + 90 MW oil fired boiler (last time used 1990). 80 million m 3 of 70° - 80°C water annually. Maximum flow rate 18,000 m 3 /hour. Price: 0.65 €/m 3 – 1.45 €cent/kWh DH Relative share of energy resources in the heating of houses in Iceland 1970–2008.

12 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Marstal (DK) – 100% renewable heat 33,500 m 2 of solar collectors (nominal thermal power 12.85 MW) 4 MW biomass boiler with built-in ORC (0.75 MWel) 1.5 MW heat pump 75,000 m 3 pit heat storage DH

13 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Turin – high CHP share through heat storage 58m m 3 of connected buildings 5,700 substations 2,000 GWh/y of heat production 98% of energy produced by CHP thanks to heat storage systems (HSS) DH Example of daily heat profile (winter) Heat load [MW] ■ CHP ■ boilers ■ HSS load ■ HSS discharge

14 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Gothenburg – Flexibility in fuel supply The district heating system began being built back in the 1950s, and today it is over 1,300 km long. Gothenburg is basing 60% of its district heating on waste/recycled heat including from industries, waste incineration and waste water treatment. Currently 90% of all buildings are heated using district heating. DH

15 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino District CoolingDC

16 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino District Cooling characteristicsDC The cooling demand is worldwide rising, and this trend seems to be further increasing in the future. District Cooling can provide significant benefits by exploiting centralized generation facilities with higher conversion efficiencies. World final energy use for cooling in the IEA's 2°C scenario, selected regions of Asia and Latin America, 2010-2050. House with external air-conditioning units, Singapore.

17 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino DC in European countries District Cooling in Europe today has a market share of about 2% of the total cooling market, corresponding to approximately 10 PJ (3 TWh) cooling. The market penetration of District Cooling shows great diversity. Overall, this market has emerged quite recently and is consequently less developed than the District Heating market. It is, however, growing fast with the last decade seeing a tenfold growth in installed capacity. DC

18 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino DC technologiesDC Electric chillers Typically higher COPs than residential and commercial air- conditioning units (up to 7 vs 2 to 4). Use of refrigerants with lower environmental impacts. Free cooling Use of renewables and exploitation of residual energy sources. Reduction of power consumption for cooling, especially at peak load. The free cooling can be coupled to chillers that provide an integration when water is not cold enough. Absorption chillers from surplus heat Possibility of exploiting available surplus heat (e.g. waste incinerator plants, CHP plants, heat from industries, etc.). Reduction of power consumption for cooling, especially at peak load. Coupling with electricity production peak loads, which often occurs in summertime in many countries.

19 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Integration of DC and DH The cooling production with absorption chillers can allow to connect DH networks and DC networks, with the possibility of operating trigeneration systems. The absorption machine can be centralized, and the cooling energy distributed through a DC network. Alternatively, the DH network can provide heat to distributed absorption machines which produce locally the cooling needs. http://www.intechopen.com/books/sustainable-energy-recent-studies/district-heating-and-cooling-enable-efficient-energy-resource-utilisation DH&DC

20 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Integration of DC and DHDH&DC 50 7090110130150170 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0 absorption water/lithium bromide absorption ammonia/water adsorption + + + solid desiccant cooling liquid desiccant cooling absorption water/lithium bromide with double effect nominal supply temperature (°C) nominal COP (-) DH nominal conditions Elaboration from Constantinos A. Balaras et al., Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 11 (2007) Performance of absorption chillers w.r.t. heat supply temperature

21 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Paris – DC network with storageDC Total energy storage: 140 MWh cWater cooled Air cooled District cooling system with storage to reduce peak demand.

22 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Paris – DC network with storageDC SENSIBLELATENT La Tour Maubourg (LTM) – 13000 m 3 OperaLes Halles Energy stored90 MWh c20 MWh c30 MWh c Refrigerant ratio0 g/kWc130 g/kWc0 g/kWc Nominal discharge power17 MWc @ 5°C5 MWc @ 1°C 13 MWc @ 4°C Response time20 min10 min Electricity consumption900 kWe165 kWe300 kWe Electricity demand reduction 2900 kWe 950 kWe 800 – 2600 kWe Source: Energy Storage: the Parisian District Cooling - Antonio Di Cecca, Project Manager Cooling storage characteristics

23 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Helsinki – multi-generation systemDC Free cooling Heat pump Absorption chiller Heat pump Absorption chiller Free cooling Sea water free cooling with heat exchanger. Heat recovery from CHP plant. Combined production of heat and cool.

24 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Conclusions – challenges and opportunities Need for national and local policies and clear targets for enhancing district heating development. District energy provides interesting opportunities for GHG emissions reduction, primary energy savings and increase of renewable energy share. Each DHC system needs a focused planning based on the local energy needs and resources availability. Attention must be paid on DHC systems operation, in order to guarantee high conversion efficiencies. District Energy allows in existing systems the fuel switching to renewable sources. DH&DC

25 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Transition towards Renewables…DH&DC

26 Department of Energy District Heating and Cooling: an opportunity for energy efficiency and renewables Michel NOUSSAN, Marco MASOERO, Politecnico di Torino Sources United Nations Environment Programme, District Energy in Cities – Unlocking the Potential of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy, 2015. EuroHeat&Power, District Heating and Cooling - Delivering Sustainable Energy to the heart of the city, 2015. Danish Energy Agency, Regulation and planning of district heating in Denmark, 2015. International Finance Corporation, Unlocking the Potential for Private Sector Participation in District Heating, 2014 Aalborg University, Halmstad University, Ecofys, PlanEnergi, Euroheat & Power, Stratego/Heat Roadmap Europe 3, 2015 DHC+ Technology platform, www.euroheat.org/dhc/www.euroheat.org/dhc/ IEA District Heating and Cooling, www.iea-dhc.orgwww.iea-dhc.org Solar District Heating, www.solar-district-heating.euwww.solar-district-heating.eu DH&DC

27 Michel NOUSSAN Sistemi per l’Energia e l’Ambiente 011 090 4529 michel.noussan@polito.it sea.polito.it Thank you for your attention! Any questions?

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