1. (Enhanced) Traffic Collision Avoidance System
TCAS II / E-TCAS
(Enhanced) Traffic Collision Avoidance System

2. Technical Data TO 1C-130H-2-34JG-40-6 Open PDF
TO-1C-130H-2-34FI-40-7 Open PDF

3. “Safety Pumpkin, safety”
General Safety Precautions
Read & Follow…
Warnings Cautions & Notes
Entering/Exiting Aircraft
Walking on top of Aircraft
Windy / Icy Conditions

4. Corrosion Identification & Control
Check for any signs of corrosion
Accomplished as part of your visual inspection
Follow locally established procedures for corrosion control & prevention

5. Foreign Object Damage - FOD
Always perform a thorough visual inspection, including FOD inspection before beginning maintenance on any part
Ensure you track the hardware you remove
Use FOD bags!!!

6. Intro to TCAS Primary purpose
Assist the pilot & crew in avoiding mid-air collisions
Supplements existing ATC system & the “see & avoid” concept
Provides notice of unsafe separation between Mode 3/A, C & S xpnder equipped ACFT

7. Intro to TCAS cont.
Aural/Visual Commands to avoid aircraft in defined airspace
TCAS II Defined Airspace:
40 NM front
15 NM each side
12 NM rear
ETCAS Range:
40 NM All around

8. TCAS II / ETCAS Differences
ETCAS with the AN/APX-119 provides Formation/Rendezvous Surveillance mode
Intruder/Detection range extended to 40 NM in all quadrants
In conjunction with LPCR, Mode A can be used to uniquely identify and track other aircraft (formation mode)
ETCAS – FORMATION MODE DISABLED PENDING FREQUENCY APPROVAL
Honeywell designed and developed an Enhanced Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (ETCAS) to provide military aircraft operators with an extended surveillance range and the capability to coordinate formation flying in addition to standard TCAS operations. Honeywell ETCAS is the only system providing this capability currently certified by the FAA and international aviation authorities. The FAA, US Air Force and international authorities have granted ETCAS the frequency approvals necessary to ensure smooth integration into military operations and prevent frequency overlap with commercial aviation operations.

12. E-TCAS Components E-TCAS Processor Top / Bottom Directional Antennas
IFF/Mode S Control Panel
2 Traffic Advisory/Vertical Speed Indicators (TA/VSI)
Audio alerts/messages broadcast over interphone

13. E-TCAS Processor Master Control Unit
Combined computerized control system
Contains L-band R/T

14. Directional Antennas 4 Quadrants
Processor can electronically point to surveillance area
Failure of a quadrant results in TCAS FAIL on TA/VSI

15. AN/APX-119 To operate TCAS NORM puts TCAS in standby
Master Switch to TA or TA/RA
Mode C transponder must be ON
NORM puts TCAS in standby

16. TA/VSI Located on main instrument panels
Provide the Traffic Advisories (TA) and Resolution Advisories in the form of visual fly to indications

17. Theory of Operation
Airborne Traffic Alert working without support from ATC ground stations
Interrogates & Detects presence of nearby intruder ACFT equipped w/transponders that reply to ATCRBS Mode C or Mode S interrogations
Tracks & evaluates threats, providing vertical maneuvering

18. Theory of Operation (cont.)
Receives Mode S squitter transmissions
Contains acft octal code, flt parameters & request for response
Detects Mode C
Once detected, enters Track Mode
Tracks up to 30 intruders
Non-Threat, Proximity, Traffic Advisory (TA), Resolution Advisory (RA)

19. Symbology Non Threat Proximity Intruder Traffic Advisory
Monitor for Future Development
Proximity Intruder
Monitor for Future Development
Traffic Advisory
Potential RA - Monitor
Resolution Advisory
Take Corrective or Preventative Action

20. Symbology (continued)
+10
+02
Relative altitude shown in hundreds of feet
Trend arrow indicates intruder’s vertical rate if greater than 500 fpm
-02
-10

21. Red & Green Vertical Maneuvering Indications

22. Theory of Operation (cont.)
If an RA is issued & both aircraft have TCAS, an air-to-air link is established to prevent similar vertical maneuvering RA’s.
If the intruder has Mode C altitude but not TCAS, the TCAS a/c will generate its own RA
If intruder does not report altitude (NAR), the TCAS will not progress beyond TA

23. System Capabilities & Limitations
GPWS/GCAS takes priority over TCAS advisories/alerts
Cannot detect A/C without operating transponder
NAR – display range & bearing only
NAR aircraft are not displayed when own aircraft is above 14,500 ft MSL

24. System Capabilities & Limitations (cont.)
RA CLIMB maneuvers inhibited over 20,000 MSL
INCREASE CLIMB maneuver inhibited when flaps are beyond 40±5%
INCREASE DESCENT inhibited below 1,450 feet AGL
ALL RA inhibited below 900 ft AGL descending
ALL RA inhibited below 1,100 ft AGL ascending

25. System Capabilities & Limitations (cont.)
RA requires 5 second reaction and up to .25G maneuver
Increase RA or reversal RA requires 3 second reaction and up to .35G maneuver
TCAS estimates closure rates of intruders to estimate CPA (Closest Point of Approach)

26. Audio Messages / Alerts
“CLIMB”
“DESCEND”
“REDUCE CLIMB”
“REDUCE DESCENT”
“CLIMB, CROSSING CLIMB”
“DESCEND, CROSSING DESCEND”
“INCREASE CLIMB”
“INCREASE DESCENT”
“DESCEND, DESCEND NOW”
“CLIMB, CLIMB NOW”
“CLEAR OF CONFLICT”
“TCAS SYSTEM TEST OK”
“TCAS SYSTEM TEST FAIL”