1. Cellular Respiration
Topic 8.2 pt 2

2. Label the structures: matrix Inter-membrane space cristae ribosomes
The structure of the mitochondrion is adapted to the function it performs. Annotation of a diagram of a mitochondrion to indicate the adaptations to its function.
Label the structures:
matrix
Inter-membrane space
cristae
ribosomes
inner membrane
outer membrane
naked loops of DNA

3. The structure of the mitochondrion is adapted to the function it performs.
Outer Membrane- separates the contents of the mitochondria from the rest of the cell.
a. Creates ideal conditions for cellular respiration.
Inner Membrane- contains electron transport chains and ATP synthase which carry out oxidative phosphorylation.
Cristae- projections of the inner membrane.
a. They increase the surface area available.

4. The structure of the mitochondrion is adapted to the function it performs.
Matrix- site of the Kreb’s cycle and link reaction.
a. Contains the enzymes necessary for these reactions.
Mitochondrial DNA- a loop of DNA in the matrix.
Ribosomes- used for expression of mitochondrial genes.
Inter-Space Membrane- protons are pumped in and build up to produce ATP.
a. The space is so small the concentration builds up quickly.

5. In the Krebs cycle, the oxidation of acetyl groups is coupled to the reduction of hydrogen carriers, liberating carbon dioxide.

6. Define oxidative phosphorylation.
Energy released by oxidation reactions is carried to the cristae of the mitochondria by reduced NAD and FAD.
Define oxidative phosphorylation.
A. The final part of aerobic respiration. ADP is phosphorylated to produce ATP. 1.

7. A summary of oxidative phosphorylation (8.2.U8 – 8.2.U10)

8. Transfer of electrons between carriers in the electron transport chain is coupled to proton pumping
Outline the process of chemiosmosis.
1. the electron transport chain is situated on the inner mitochondrial membrane
2. hydrogen is transferred to the electron transport chain by hydrogen carriers, i.e. NADH and FADH2
3. The hydrogen carriers release electrons which are transferred between carriers this releases energy …
4. which is used to pump H+ ions (from the matrix) across inner membrane
5. H+ ions to accumulate in the inter-membrane space creating a concentration gradient
6. H+ ions return to the matrix through ATP synthase
7. Down the electrochemical concentration gradient
8. This produces ATP by chemiosmosis
9. oxygen is the final electron acceptor for the electron transport chain
10. oxygen combines with electrons and H+ ions to produce water

9. What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
Oxygen is needed to bind with the free protons to form water to maintain the hydrogen gradient.
What is the role of oxygen in the electron transport chain?
a. It is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain.

10. Electron tomography used to produce images of active mitochondria.
Electron tomography is aiding the understanding of mitochondria and cell respiration. State what is meant by the term electron tomography.
A. A technique that has allowed for three dimensional images of the interior of the mitochondria.