1. + Election of 1932 Hoover v. FDR

2. + Despair and Protest By 1932, millions of unemployed workers and impoverished farmers were in a state bordering on desperation

3. + Unrest on the Farms In many communities, farmers banded together to stop banks from foreclosing on their farms and evicting them from their homes Usually—the effort collapsed after some violence

4. + Hoover Believed that the key to recovery was confidence Depression was a “ world- wide economic conditions beyond our control ” Government and business officials tried to maintain public confidence

5. + Government Actions - Voluntary Action Business promised to keep wages up but did not keep the promise After a year of bad times people began to blame the depression on President Hoover

6. + Government actions Agricultural Marketing Act- designed to stabilize prices of crops Program was a failure-lost more than $150 million To create jobs they spent money on building roads, parks, and dams. Hoover Dam

7. + Government actions Hawley-Smoot tariff- Highest import tax, Europeans raised their taxes too, caused a slowdown of trade Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) - lent money to banks and large industries Banks continued to fail People felt that the government was only helping the rich Hoover ’ s unpopularity grows

8. + Hoover thinks relief should come from state and local governments People thought he was cold hearted Blamed him for their problems 1932- Finally lent money to state and local governments for unemployment but it was too little to late Government actions

9. + Bonus March Unemployed WWI veterans marched to Washington, DC, to demand immediate payment of bonuses promised them at a later date (1945) Camped in improvised shacks near the Capitol

13. + Disastrous response Congress failed to pass the bonus bill Hoover called in the Army Army used force to make marchers leave Tanks and tear gas Many people were injured Hoover seen as heartless and uncaring

15. ActionGoalSuccess or Failure/ WHY? Organized White House conference of business leaders to persuade business leaders voluntarily to maintain workers wages FAIL- businesses cut workers pay Passing Agricultural Marketing Act designed to stabilize prices of crops FAIL - lost more than $150 million, sent farm prices Signed the Hawley- Smoot tariff bill protect domestic industries from imports FAIL- reduces American exports and jobs which slows down international trade and weakens economies

16. ActionGoalSuccess or Failure/ WHY? Set up Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) to help banks so they could extend loans FAIL- people thought government was only helping the banks not people Insisted that state and local governments handle relief programs to protect self- respect & avoid creating a large bureaucracy FAIL- refusal to provide direct aid. Created a negative public reaction

17. + The Election of 1932 The depression’s worst year, 1932, was a presidential election year Republicans re-nominated Herbert Hoover Democrats nominated NY Governor Franklin D. Roosevelt for president

18. + FDR- Franklin Delano Roosevelt Promised people a new deal and that “ happy days were here ” Democrat Harvard graduate On New York State Senate twice Assistant secretary of Navy under President Wilson Polio in 1920 and never walked again Ready to experiment with government roles Brought optimism to the table Worked with depression relief as a governor of New York

19. + FDR’s Platform Pledged a “new deal” for the American people Repeal of Prohibition Aid for the unemployed

21. + FDR- Franklin Delano Roosevelt Wife Eleanor was niece of Theodore Roosevelt (5 th cousins, once removed) Experienced political worker and social reformer Worked for several causes Public housing legislation State government reform Birth control Better conditions for working women

22. + The Election of 1932 “ This campaign is more than a contest between two men… it is a contest between two philosophies of government ” Hoover 1932 Battle between how much the government should and should not be involved in fixing people ’ s problems Hoover argued that government would be to powerful

23. + But… The REAL issue was the depression The question was, which candidate could do a better job ending the hard times Almost 60% of them concluded that it was time for a change

24. The Election of 1932 FDR won with a margin of 7 million votes People didn ’ t always support FDR because of his ideas, they opposed Hoover for being too passive 1933- FDR took office

25. + A new Future for America New Deal - relief programs and reforms implemented by the Federal Government to pull America out of the Great Depression A newly elected Democratic President Congress - both houses are Democratic majorities What does this mean for Roosevelt’s New Deal Program?

26. + Review Questions: What was the most important campaign issue of the 1932 presidential campaign? Who was the Republican candidate? Democratic candidate in the 1932 presidential election? Who won? What was FDR ’ s New Deal?