2. Plan Cost Effective Construction and Drawings 6831.22

3. Planning Construction

4. Plan, Sketch, Drawing Before starting new construction or repair jobs of any size, a plan, sketch, or drawing should be made to reduce costs, save time, improve quality of workmanship, and determine the need for the construction or repair projects

5. Specifications The best way to guarantee high quality materials and workmanship in construction projects is to include specifications in plans and contracts

6. Time to Be Completed Time to be completed is a major consideration in planning agricultural construction or repairs because of the seasonal nature of farming

7. Cost The cost of a project is an important factor in planning construction

8. Bill of Materials A bill of materials is an itemized list of materials and their costs

9. Calculating Carpentry Materials

10. Square Foot Many building materials are sold by the square foot or in units that combine square footage such as a square or a sheet

11. Square Foot A square foot is 1 foot (12”) by 1 foot (12”) or 144 square inches

12. Length x Width Calculate number of square feet by multiplying length times width in feet Example: 8 feet x 10 feet = 80 sq. ft.

13. Length x Width A 4’ x 8’ sheet of plywood has how many square feet? 32 sq. ft.

14. Square of Shingles A square of shingles has enough shingles to cover how many square feet 100 sq. ft.

15. Estimating Cost One story building costs can be estimated by using sq. ft. Example: 1000 sq. ft. x $10/sq.ft. = $10,000

17. Drawing Construction Plans

18. Plans Plans drawn on paper save time and money because changes are faster and less expensive to make on a plan than on the real structure

19. Types of Drawings Types of drawings used in construction include sketches, hand drafted drawings, and computer assisted drawing

20. Views and Dimensions Many construction drawing are based on view or dimensions

21. Orthographic Two dimensional view

22. Isometric Three dimensional view that shows object as a whole instead of parts and shows the object in a form similar to a picture, is drawn to scale

23. Drawn to scale Isometric drawing is a 3-D drawing drawn to scale

24. Perspective Is similar to isometric because it is three dimensional and appears on the drawing as it does to the eye, but it is NOT drawn to scale

25. Perspective A perspective drawing is 3-D but Not Drawn to scale

26. Sectional View Shows a vertical cross- section of the object

27. Mechanical Drawings Are used when a detailed description is needed

28. Three-view Drawing Is used to show the front, top and end of the object

29. Constructing a Carpentry Project

30. Purpose Purpose of constructing a project in agricultural mechanics shop is to provide hands on learning or application of what has been leaned in class

31. Scope The size and complexity of a project is its scope

32. Bird Houses Beginning students should start with relatively small and simple projects such as nail boxes, tool boxes and bird houses

33. Trailers Advanced students should choose more challenging projects that use more skills such as storage buildings, trailers, and farm structures

34. Painted Projects that will be exposed to weather should be made from treated wood or should be painted with exterior paint to provide protection for the wood

35. Depends on Use The width and thickness of wood needed for a project or for certain parts of a project depend on the use that will be made of the project

36. Depends on Use A work bench or a livestock or horse barn requires larger sized wood than a bird house or nail box

37. Use Bolts Projects made from both metal and wood should use bolts to fasten the wood to the metal

38. Starts at the Bottom Because of the nature of construction and the law of gravity, construction of a building starts at the bottom and continues to the top

39. Plan Cost Effective Construction 6831.22