1. The Quantum Mechanical model It is based on the energy and possible location of an electron. how likely it is to find an electron is described in terms of probability. (ie. Propeller blades) Based on work done by Shrodinger…

2. Atomic Orbitals The energy levels of electrons are labeled by principal quantum numbers (n) Each energy sublevel corresponds to an orbital of a different shape, which describes where the electron is likely to be found.

3. Atomic Orbitals

4. Quantum Mechanics Orbital ( “ electron cloud ” ) –Region in space where there is 90% probability of finding an electron Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem Electron Probability vs. Distance Electron Probability (%) Distance from the Nucleus (pm) 100150200250500 0 10 20 30 40 Orbital 90% probability of finding the electron

5. s orbital p orbitals d orbitals The Shapes of the s, p, and d Orbitals Sketch these in your notes

6. Please write this in your notes.

7. The Shapes of the s, p, and d Orbitals Sketch these in your notes

8. Electron Orbitals: Electron orbitals Equivalent Electron shells (a) 1s orbital (b) 2s and 2p orbitalsc) Neon Ne-10: 1s, 2s and 2p 1999, Addison, Wesley, Longman, Inc.

9. Copyright © 2006 Pearson Benjamin Cummings. All rights reserved.

10. 1s Orbital Sphere around the nucleus The one tells you that the electron is in the orbital closest to the nucleus S tells you about the shape

11. 2s Orbital Similar to 1s except the electron is most likely in the region farther from the nucleus

12. p Orbitals At the first energy level there is only the 1s orbital, after the second energy level there are 2p orbitals Look like dumbbells In the three directions

13. Remember…. MAX NUMBER OF ELECTRONS IN AN ENERGY LEVEL ENERGY LEVELMAX # OF ELECTRONS 12 28 318 432 550

14. Four Energy Sub-Levels Energy LevelSub-level# of Orbitals# electrons sSphere12 pDumbbell36 d4-Lobed510 f6-8 Lobed714