1. Power-aware NOC Reuse on the Testing of Core-based Systems* CSCE 932 Class Presentation by Xinwang Zhang April 26, 2007 * Erika Cota, et al., International Test Conference, 2003

2. Power-aware NoC Reuse2 Outline Researching background and motivation NOC reuse on the testing Power-Aware NOC reuse during test Experimental result BISTed Cores and Power-aware NOC Reuse

3. Power-aware NoC Reuse3 Researching Background and Motivation Reuse functional connections during test. (M. Nourani, et, 1998-2002) Use packet-switching architecture. No power consumption is modeled. (NIMA) (Aktouf and Nahvi) Introduce power constraints. Two cores are not tested concurrently if the sum of their power consumption is larger than the maximum value. (R. M. Chou and E. Larsson) Power profile manipulation approach for the minimization of the power dissipation and test time during test. (Rosinger, et al, 2002)

4. Power-aware NoC Reuse4 NOC reuse on the testing SOC Interconnection Network (SOCIN) XY routing Packet-switched Wormhole switching approach (flits, the smallest unit, follow the header in a pipeline way. Its size equals the channel width)

5. Power-aware NoC Reuse5 NOC reuse on the testing Test vector and test response of each core are expressed as two packets, divided into a number of flits. Wrapper configuration, two modes. In the test mode, in order to ensure each flit is unpacked in the same time. The scan chains, input and output should be similar length. Control information is also carried by specific bits in packets

6. Power-aware NoC Reuse6 NOC reuse on the testing For core (3, 4 and 8), the same number of flits per packet is used. The reason is the number of scan chains and input, output is less than 16.

7. Power-aware NoC Reuse7 NOC reuse on the testing Timing conflict problem: multiple paths are transmitting/receiving packets. The order of input packet and output packet. Solution: 1. Each core has two scheduling times. (Next vector can be delivered, next response can be delivered) 2. Give each channel a time information. (Free or not)

8. Power-aware NoC Reuse8 NOC reuse on the testing The priority of using a given path. The cores with larger number and larger size of packets have priority to use shorter paths to reduce test time. Test cost computation:

9. Power-aware NoC Reuse9 Power-Aware NOC reuse during test Main advantage: the possibility of parallelization provided by NOC. Disadvantage: More cores are tested in parallel more power consumption. Four sources of power consumption: router, channel, core and wrapper.

10. Power-aware NoC Reuse10 Power Consumption Calculation Router: Channel: Total power consumption for a packet transmission: Suppose core’s and wrapper’s power consumption is given by core designer.

11. Power-aware NoC Reuse11 Power-aware test scheduling Test schedule: defined as a set of time slots of different lengths. Size of time slot: clock cycles Each slot contains a set of packets One packet transmission may be distributed among several slots Slots can be modified as the schedule is being defined. Total power consumption in one slot: The system power limit must be respected at each time slot s:

12. Power-aware NoC Reuse12 Power-aware test scheduling The scheduling of a packet V of core 6.

13. Power-aware NoC Reuse13 Experiment Results Power consumption limit was defined as a certain percentage of the sum of the power consumption of all cores. (system requirement). Circuit used in the experiment: d695, g1023, p22810 The variation of the system test time according to: the maximum test power consumption, and the number of system interfaces.

14. Power-aware NoC Reuse14 Experiment Results

15. Power-aware NoC Reuse15 Experiment Conclusion Power constrains can change the original order of the scheduled cores, leading the scheduling heuristic to a better solution in some particular cases. Very tight power constraints may either increase the time or prevent the scheduling of the some test packets The more interfaces with the tester, the higher the impact of the power constraints on the system test time. Although one can notice an increase in the test time caused by power constraints, the network still presents a very effective trade-off in terms of pins and area overhead and test time.

16. Power-aware NoC Reuse16 BISTed Cores and Power-aware NOC Reuse Advantage: only two messages that must transit: a test enable and the resulting signature. Disadvantage: Larger number of test patterns, and higher power consumption

17. Power-aware NoC Reuse17