1. Historical Development of the Civil Rights Movement ©2012, TESCCC U.S. History Unit 10, Lesson 1

2. Definition Civil Rights: legal and political rights enjoyed by inhabitants of a country guaranteed in the United States by the Constitution some groups of people have historically been denied their basic civil rights The rights of citizens to political and social freedom and equality ©2012, TESCCC

3. Timeline – 19 th Century Abolitionists (1830s-1870) – worked to abolish slavery Civil War (1861-1865) – partially fought over slavery Emancipation Proclamation (1863) – ended slavery in areas still controlled by Confederacy Reconstruction (1865-1877) – period after the Civil War, rebuilding the country ©2012, TESCCC

4. Reconstruction Amendments 13 th Amendment (1865) – “neither slavery nor involuntary servitude …. shall exist within the United States” – freed the slaves 14 th Amendment (1868) – “All persons born or naturalized in the United States…. are citizens of the United States…. nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person … the equal protection of the laws” 15 th Amendment (1870) - The right of citizens … to vote shall not be denied … on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude” ©2012, TESCCC

5. Timeline – 20 th Century W.E.B. DuBois (1868-1963) – co-founded NAACP NAACP (1909-present) – “to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of rights of all persons and to eliminate racial hatred and racial discrimination” 19 th Amendment (1920) – gave women the right to vote Desegregation of armed forces (1948) – Executive Order 9981 signed by Harry S Truman; during worst of Korean War army units began to be desegregated (1951) ©2012, TESCCC

6. Timeline – 20 th Century Brown v. Board of Education (1954) – Supreme Court case overturned Plessy v. Ferguson (1897) declared "separate educational facilities are inherently unequal" Civil Rights Act of 1957 Martin Luther King, Jr. (1929-1968) – minister, leader of the Montgomery Bus Boycott (1955), co-founded SCLC (1957), led March on Washington (1963 – I Have A Dream Speech), Nobel Peace Prize (1964), assassinated 1968 Civil Rights Act of 1964 – outlawed discrimination in voting, education, employment, and public accommodations Voting Rights Act of 1965 - prohibited states from imposing any "voting qualification... to deny … the right of any citizen of the United States to vote“ – specifically literacy tests Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990 – protected people with disabilities in areas of employment, public accommodation, transportation, and other services. ©2012, TESCCC

7. Timeline – 21 st Century Election of first African American President – Barack Obama (2008) First Hispanic Supreme Court justice – Sonia Sotomayor (2009) ©2012, TESCCC