2. Civil Rights

3. Identify the Plessy v. Ferguson decision? “Separate but equal” facilities were constitutional Racial segregation was legal

4. What precedent was set by Plessy v. Ferguson? Southern states could segregate public facilities.

5. What was another term for segregation laws? Jim Crow lawsJim Crow laws

6. For what does NAACP stand? National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

7. For what 2 things did the NAACP work? End legal segregation in the South Gain the right to vote for African-Americans in the South

8. Who was an early leader of the NAACP? W.E.B. DuBois

9. What Supreme Court decision set forth the “separate but equal” doctrine? Plessy v. Ferguson

10. What was the 1954 Supreme Court decision in the Brown v. Board of Education case? Supreme Court declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional

11. What was the constitutional basis of the Brown decision? Racial segregation violated the “equal protection” clause of the 14th Amendment

12. What Supreme Court decision declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional? Brown v. Board of Education of TopekaBrown v. Board of Education of Topeka

13. Who served as chief counsel for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund at the time of the Brown decision? Thurgood Marshall

14. Who was the most famous civil rights lawyer in Virginia? (He worked on the Prince Edward County school case.) Oliver Hill

15. Identify the Solid South. Democratic Party control of Southern politics from late 19th century to after World War II

16. Identify Massive Resistance. Virginia’s attempt to avoid obeying the Brown desegregation decision

17. What Democratic U.S. senator led Virginia’s Massive Resistance movement? Harry F. Byrd

18. What is the official name of the Virginia state legislature? The Virginia General AssemblyThe Virginia General Assembly

19. What did the Brown decision show about the Supreme Court’s powers? By interpreting its powers broadly, the Supreme Court could reshape American society

20. What event made Rosa Parks famous? The Montgomery Bus Boycott

21. What was the goal of the 1963 March on Washington? Gain passage of major civil rights laws by Congress

22. Who gave the “I have a dream” speech at the March on Washington? Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

23. For what method of protest was Dr. King known? Non-violent, mass protest

24. What president played a major role in the passage of the 1964 Civil Rights law and the 1965 Voting Rights Act? Lyndon B. Johnson

25. Identify the 1964 Civil Rights Act? Outlawed racial, religious, and sex discrimination in public places and by employers Gave the federal government more power to enforce all civil rights laws

26. Give four examples of public places covered by the 1964 Civil Rights Act. MotelsMotels HotelsHotels RestaurantsRestaurants ParksParks

27. Identify the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Outlawed literacy tests as a voting requirement Sent federal registrars to the South to register black voters

28. What was a literacy test? Person had to prove he could read and write in order to vote

29. Why did the Southern states require literacy tests? To keep African- Americans from voting

30. What did the 1968 Civil Rights Act do? Outlawed racial discrimination in the sale and rental of housing

31. What does one call the movement of whites from the city to the suburbs in order to avoid sending their children to integrated public schools? White FlightWhite Flight

32. What kinds of schools did Southern whites establish to avoid racial integration of public schools? Private academiesPrivate academies