1. I. INTRAMOLECULAR FORCES II. INTERMOLECULAR FORCES Bonding

2. Chemical Bond A force that holds groups of 2 or more atoms together to make them function as a unit

3. Why? Atoms form bonds to obtain a “noble gas configuration” Octet Rule- Atoms need to have 8 valence electrons

4. Types of Bonds Ionic: results from transfer of electrons Covalent: results from sharing of electrons

5. Ionic Bonds Force of attraction between closely packed opposite ions Atoms that lose electrons easily (metals) Atoms that gain electrons easily (nonmetals) Electrons are transferred from metal to nonmetal Oppositely charged ions form and they attract each other.

6. Ionic Compounds The ions combine in quantities that provide the stable octet for each element involved They are electrically neutral, so the charges must balance out to zero, as we learned in our formula writing topic.

7. Properties of Ionic Compounds Hard Poor electrical conductors (solids) Good electrical conductors (in molten and solution) High melting and boiling points Dissolve in water Form crystalline solids

8. Covalent In covalent bonding electrons are SHARED by the nuclei of each of the atoms present WHY? http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=1wpDicW_ MQQ http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=1wpDicW_ MQQ

9. Characteristics of Covalent Compounds Soft Poor conductors of electricity Poor heat conductors Low melting point High vapor pressures

10. Lewis Structures for Covalent

11. Covalent bonding: two types Nonpolar Results from EQUAL sharing Electronegativity difference 0 Polar Results from UNEQUAL sharing Note electronegativity difference between 0 and 1.7

12. Using Electronegativity to determine bond polarity H-H H-S H-Cl H-O H-F

13. Choose the More Polar Bond A) H-P or H-C B) O-F or O-I C) N-O or S-O D) N-H or Si-H

14. Summary https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KjoQHqgzda8 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYZg1j7o2x4&e bc=ANyPxKryVMXWuhz6cg_UxEfwZHCa7yILX5el CuThuVg2h45P6bPR- UTe_bw3tO35eWdvZu7JSpJf7TmC3o129mvZ33r3F Q5wCA https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wYZg1j7o2x4&e bc=ANyPxKryVMXWuhz6cg_UxEfwZHCa7yILX5el CuThuVg2h45P6bPR- UTe_bw3tO35eWdvZu7JSpJf7TmC3o129mvZ33r3F Q5wCA