1. Chapter 13, Lesson 3 ACOS #11: Identify causes of the Civil War, including states’ rights and the issue of slavery. 11a: Recognizing key northern and southern personalities, including Abraham Lincoln, Jefferson Davis, Ulysses Grant, Robert E. Lee, “Stonewall” Jackson, William Tecumseh Sherman, and Joseph Wheeler. 11b: Describe social, economic, and political conditions that effected citizens during the Civil War. 11c: Identify Alabama’s role in the Civil War. 11d: Locate on a map sites important to the Civil War. 11e: Explain events that led to the conclusion of the Civil War.

2. Vocabulary Words Telegraph – a machine that sends electric signals over wires. Total war – the strategy of destroying an enemy’s resources. Desert – to leave the army without permission.

3. The War Ends At the end of 1863, President Lincoln chose Ulysses S. Grant to be the commander of the Union army. Grant planned to defeat General Robert E. Lee’s army and capture Richmond. Grant ordered General William Tecumseh Sherman to lead the Union army in Tennessee. Sherman planned to attach Atlanta, Georgia, a major Confederate city.

4. Sherman’s March Sherman began his attack on Atlanta in May 1864. In September, Sherman sent a message to President Lincoln by telegraph. A telegraph is a machine that sends electric signals over wires. His message said, “Atlanta is ours, and fairly won.” That summer, the Union navy won another important battle by capturing Mobile Bay in Alabama. Sherman continued his march to the sea, burning everything in his path. They stole food, killed animals, and wrecked factories and railroad tracks. He used total war to make southerners so tired of fighting that they would give up. Total War is the strategy of destroying an enemies resources.

6. Spanish Fort and Blakely The Last Major Battles of the Civil War

7. Lee’s Surrender Due to the higher population of fighting men in the North, the Union army continued to grow in size. The Confederate army was struggling. Due to the blockade, the South could not receive supplies. They went hungry and some began to desert. To desert is to leave the army without permission. By early April 1865, Lee’s army was too weak to defend Richmond any longer. The Union army captured Richmond and chased Lee’s army west. Finally, near the town of Appomattox, Lee surrendered to Grant. It happened at Appomattox Court House in Virginia. Lee made a hard decision. His starving army was nearly surrounded. He had little choice. According to the surrender terms, Lee’s soldiers could go home. Grant told his soldiers not to celebrate. “The war is over. The rebels are our countrymen again.” A few days later Lee’s soldiers marched past the Union army to surrender. As they passed, the Union soldiers saluted their old enemies.