1. International Security and Peace Causes of War: Levels of Analysis Prof. Jaechun Kim

2.  Outbreak of WWII  In 1933 in Germany Adolf Hitler came into power…  In 1936 Hitler remilitarized Rhineland…  1938, Germany annexed Austria and Czechoslovakia…  On Sept. 1, 1939, Germany invaded Poland…  Britain and France declared the war on Germany…  Why did the WWII broke out?

3. CAUSES OF WAR   LEVELS OF ANALYSIS   Kenneth Waltz, Man, the State, and War   Three levels of analysis or three images …   Three Levels of Analysis   First Level Importance of “Individual Decision Makers” Bad decision makers make wars… “ The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly…” Hitler, Hussein, Kim Jong-il… Perceptions and Misperceptions Robert Jervis, Perceptions and Misperceptions in World Politics Understand how decision-makers think ! Decision-makers are responsible…

4.   Second Level : Internal Makeup of State and Domestic Politics Democratic Peace Theory Socialist Theory of War Lenin’s theory of imperial war… Capitalists states wage imperial wars! Diversionary Use of War “Rally-around-the -flag effect” of war Look inside the states! State structures or domestic political processes!!

5.   Third Level Structural Characteristics of International System Minimize the importance of 1 st and 2 nd level variables… Neorealism (Structural realism) Balance of Power Theory Bipolarity (Waltz, Mearsheimer), Unipolarity (Hegemonic Stability Theory) Multipolarity? Maintaining BOP is important! Interdependence School of Liberalists (Keohane, Nye)

6. SSome Caveats AAll levels are important to analyzing every war!!?? DDifferent theories within one level of analysis … RealismLiberalism 3 rd level BOP theory Interdependence 2 nd level 1 st level