1. Chapter 14: Liquids and Solids Solids

2. Learning Target You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

3. Solids Crystalline solids are solids with a regular arrangement of components. They divide into three classes. Crystalline Solids IonicAtomicMolecular You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

4. Ionic Solids Stable substances with high melting points. Held together with strong forces (ionic bonding). Components are ions. Examples: –Sodium chloride, NaCl (Na +, Cl - ions) –Ammonium nitrate, NH 4 NO 3 (NH 4 +, NO 3 - ions) You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

5. Molecular solids Low melting points because IMFs are weak. Held together with hydrogen bonding, dispersion forces and dipole-dipole forces. Components are molecules. Examples: –Water, H 2 O –Dry ice, CO 2 –White phosphorus, P 4 You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

6. Atomic Solids Properties vary greatly. Group 8 elements have low melting points. –Some forces are relatively weak London dispersion forces Other substances are hard and have high melting points. (giant molecules = network solid) –Some forces are very strong covalent bonding. –Diamond is an example Components are atoms. Examples: –He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

7. Bonding in metals Metals introduce another type of atomic solid. An alloy contains a mixture of elements and has metallic properties. There are two kinds of alloys: substitutional and interstitial. –Examples of sub. alloys: Sterling silver and pewter –Example of inter. alloys: steel You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

8. Examples Name the type of crystalline solid formed by each of the following substances: 1. Ammonia, NH 3 2. Iron, Fe (s) 3. Cesium fluoride, CsF 2 4. Argon, Ar 5. Sulfur, S 8 Answers: 1. Molecular 2. Atomic 3. Ionic 4. Atomic 5. Molecular You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

9. Try on your own Name the type of crystalline solid formed by each of the following substances: 1. Sulfur trioxide, SO 3 2. Barium oxide, BaO 3. gold, Au 4. Water, H 2 O 5. Calcium oxide, CaO 6. Krypton, Kr Answers: 1. Molecular 2. Ionic 3. Atomic 4. Molecular 5. Ionic 6. Atomic You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.

10. Recap What are three classes of crystalline solids? What are some properties of ionic solids? What are some properties of molecular solids? What are some properties of atomic solids? What is an alloy? You will learn about the various types of crystalline solids and the bonding within them.