1. Bellwork: Thurs. Jan. 22, 2015 Look at page 312 – figure 11-5 1. What does Mendel’s law of segregation mean? Look at page 317 of your book: 2. What does the principle of independent assortment mean?

2. Mendel’s law of segregation During gamete formation alleles segregate or separate from each other so each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene Principle of independent assortment Genes for separate traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes allowing for genetic variation even when parents are the same.

3. Dragon Lab

4. DECODING OF THE GENES Chromosome Dominant genesRecessive genes Green GreenA. no chin spikea. chin spike B. nose spikeb. no nose spike C. three head flapsc. four head flaps D. four toesd. three toes E. long armse. short arms ______________________________________________________________________ Red F. long neckf. short neck G. no back humpg. back hump H. no back spikesh. back spikes I. long taili. short tail J. flat feetj. arched feet ______________________________________________________________________ Orange OrangeK. red eyesk. yellow eyes I. spots on neckl. no spots on neck M. no fangm. fang N. spots on backn. no spots on back ______________________________________________________________________ Brown O. no spots on thigho. spots on thigh P. green bodyp. purple body __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ XX = female Sex Chromosomes XX = female XY= male

5. 1. With your partner, decide who is the female parent and who is the male parent. 2. Each partner must have the following colored popsicle sticks -- one green, red, orange, and brown. The mother dragon must have the pink stick and the father must have the blue stick. The pink and blue popsicle sticks represent sex chromosomes. The green, red orange and brown chromosomes represent autosomes. 3. Each side of a stick represents a chromosome, and the two sides together represent a pair of homologous chromosomes (paired chromosomes). 4. Before randomly mixing the genetic traits (i.e. mating) you and your partner must record each parent’s genotype in the appropriate data table. 5. For each chromosome, each parent will randomly drop his or her stick on the table. 6. The side of the stick that is up represents the chromosome that is passed on to the baby. 7. The alleles from each pair of homologous chromosomes will be recorded in the data chart.

6. 1. The decoding indicates the phenotype of each allele. The phenotype (trait) produced by each pair of alleles should be recorded in the data chart. Remember that a CAPITAL letter is dominant over the lowercase letter, or in other words, the lowercase letter is recessive to the capital letter. 2. DRAW your baby dragon once you and your partner have figured out its phenotype. 3. Be prepared to share your drawing with the class! 4. Answer the analysis questions at the end of this lab.

7. 4. How does dropping the stick on the table and transcribing the letters on the sides facing up follow Mendel’s Law of Segregation? (First state the law) 5. Explain how dropping the green, orange, and red sticks illustrate Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment? (First state the law)

8. Mendel’s law of segregation During gamete formation alleles segregate or separate from each other so each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene (1 allele_ Principle of independent assortment Genes for separate traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes allowing for genetic variation even when parents are the same. (Especially if they are far appart on the chromosome or on a different chromosome

9. 1. Dropping the stick on the table and transcribing the letters on the sides facing up follow Mendel’s Law of Segregation because you write only the letters on__________________ _________________________________________________ 2. Dropping the green, orange, and red sticks illustrate Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment because if the genes are on different __________________________________ ____________________________________________ Bellwork: Fri. Jan. 23, 2015

11. Mendel’s law of segregation During gamete formation alleles segregate or separate from each other so each gamete carries only a single copy of each gene Principle of independent assortment Genes for separate traits can segregate independently during the formation of gametes allowing for genetic variation even when parents are the same.

12. 4. How does dropping the stick on the table and transcribing the letters on the sides facing up follow Mendel’s Law of Segregation? (First state the law) 5. Explain how dropping the green, orange, and red sticks illustrate Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment? (First state the law) Each member of the allele pair separates from the other to form the genetic make-up of the gamete Alleles on one side (chromosome) separate from the other to form a new gamete Genes for different traits (on different chromosomes) can segregate independently during the formation of gametes. Alleles on one chromosome separate independently from alleles on another chromosome