1. Learning Objective: Students will analyze Jackson’s policy of Indian territory and it’s impact on Democracy. John Ross, a Cherokee chief, pictured with the document he wrote, "Protest and Memorial of the Cherokee Nation Sept. 1836".

2. As a frontier settler, Andrew Jackson had little sympathy for American Indians. After independence, the new national government tried to settle conflicts with Native Americans through treaties. Sequoyah (sih-KWOI-uh) developed an 86-letter alphabet for the Cherokee language. In exchange for giving up their old lands, Indians were promised food, supplies, and money. Despite the treaties, American Indians continued to be pushed off their land by the ever expanding white settlers.

3. In the 1830s, thousands of Cherokees were forcibly removed from their homeland in the Appalachian Mountains. They had tried valiantly to hold on to their land, but their efforts were in vain. The Cherokees had been faithful allies of the United States during the War of 1812. They had even fought under Jackson’s command against other Indians. But Jackson did not believe that Indians could live alongside white Americans. He wanted them moved out of the way, to lands in the West. To the Cherokees, their homeland was the spiritual as well as the geographical center of their world. The thought of abandoning it was devastating.

4. Think pair/share Which Indian group was known for having a written language, a newspaper, and a constitution? A. Cherokee B. Chickasaw C. Choctaw D. Creek A. Cherokee

5. Hoping to remain in their homelands, many tribes, particularly the Cherokee, adopted many white ways. Most had given up hunting to become farmers. Many had learned to read and write. The Cherokee had their own written language, a newspaper, and a constitution modeled on the U.S. Constitution. Whites called these Indians the “Five Civilized Tribes.” However, Groups that refused to move west voluntarily were met with military force, usually with tragic results. This was true of the Sac and Fox Indians of Illinois. Led by a chief named Black Hawk, the Sac and Fox fought removal for two years. Black Hawk’s War ended in 1832 with the slaughter of most of his warriors.

6. Only about 5 feet, 6 inches tall, but trim and erect, Martin Van Buren dressed fastidiously. His impeccable appearance belied his amiability--and his humble background. under President Martin Van Buren, more than 17,000 Cherokees were forced from their homes in Georgia and herded west by federal troops. Discussion question: Fact; In 1831 the Cherokee challenged Jackson in court. The Supreme Court ruled in favor of the Cherokee. Jackson said, “ Justice Marshall has made his ruling, now let HIM enforce it.” Pair/share: Which branch of government is responsible for enforcing the law? Pair/Share: By Jackson ignoring the supreme court, is he acting like an American president or a dictator/king? How do you know?

7. Think pair/share The Trail of Tears took place under which president? A. John Quincy Adams B. Andrew Jackson C. William Henry Harrison D. Martin Van Buren

8. Many whites were ashamed over the treatment of Indians and sent protests to Washington, D.C. Still, the work of removal continued. In 1836, thousands of Creek Indians who refused to leave Alabama were rounded up and marched west in handcuffs. When Andrew Jackson left office, he was proud of having “solved” the American Indian problem for good. In reality, Jackson had simply moved the conflict between American Indians and whites across the Mississippi River.

9. Think pair/share Which Indian group fought removal in Black Hawk's War? A. Cherokee B. Creek C. Fox D. Seminole C. Fox

10. Think pair/share What did some white Americans refer to as the "Five Civilized Tribes"? A. territories where Indians were relocated B. new states formed by Indian groups C. five groups of Iroquois Indians D. Indian groups that adopted white ways

11. Jacksonian Democracy EventPromotes Democracy Does Not Promote Democracy Evidence Jackson’s appeal to the common man in the election of 1828. The Spoils System Jackson vs. National Bank The Nullification Crisis The Indian Removal Act of 1830 Instructions: You will come back to this worksheet for each topic (LO) of this unit. This will help you to answer the proficient questions on the test. 1.Complete the concept development, read the text, and/or do the guided practice for that topic. 2.Circle evidence to show that the topic either promotes 1 or does not promote democracy. (Or both?) 3.Complete the chart. 1 promotes: supports or advances that idea Guided Practice: Do you believe the Indian Removal Act promoted democracy or took away from democracy? Use evidence from what we read.

12. Exit Summary Do you think Jackson’s Indian policy promoted democracy? Why or why not? __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________.