1. 2.E.3 Behavior Timing and coordination of behavior are regulated by various mechanisms and are important in natural selection.

2. Individuals can act on information and communicate it to others.

3. Innate behaviors are behaviors that are inherited.

4. Learning occurs through interactions with the environment and other organisms.

5. Responses to information and communication of information are vital to natural selection.

6. In phototropism in plants, changes in the light source lead to differential growth, resulting in maximum exposure of leaves to light for photosynthesis.

7. In photoperiodism in plants, changes in the length of night regulate flowering and preparation for winter.

8. Behaviors in animals are triggered by environmental cues and are vital to reproduction, natural selection and survival.

9. Example: Hibernation

10. Example: Estivation

11. Example: Migration

12. Example: Courtship

13. Cooperative behavior within or between populations contributes to the survival of the populations.

14. Example: Fruiting body formation in fungi and certain types of bacteria when resources are in short supply requires a sophisticated system of intercellular communication.

15. Example: Niche and resource partitioning

16. Example: Mutualistic relationships: Lichen is a mutualistic relationship between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually green algae or cyanobacteria.

17. Example: Mutualistic relationships: Bacteria in the digestive tracts of some animals help herbivores break down cellulose.

18. Example: Mutualistic relationships: Mycorrhizae are a symbiotic association between a fungus and the roots of a plant. The fungus gains carbohydrates, while the plant has access to more water and nutrients.

19. Example: In pollination, flowers produce nectar or other substances to attract insects or other animals to disperse the pollen.

20. Learning Objectives: LO 2.38 The student is able to analyze data to support the claim that responses to information and communication of information affect natural selection. [See SP 5.1] LO 2.39 The student is able to justify scientific claims, using evidence, to describe how timing and coordination of behavioral events in organisms are regulated by several mechanisms. [See SP 6.1] LO 2.40 The student is able to connect concepts in and across domain(s) to predict how environmental factors affect responses to information and change behavior. [See SP 7.2]