1. Can anyone in the class describe an incident they witnessed or heard as an example of how any of the following potential conflicts can lead to a serious disagreement? 1. What one person was doing prevented someone else from doing what he or she needed to do. 2. One person was so different from another that neither could understand the other or that their needs were conflicting. 3. Someone was treating someone else very badly. What happened? Is this like the North and South? What did they argue over?

2. “During the first half of the 19th century, economic differences between the regions also increased. By 1860 cotton was the chief crop of the South, and it represented 57 percent of all U.S. exports. The profitability of cotton, known as King Cotton, completed the South's dependence on the plantation system and its essential component, slavery. The North was by then firmly established as an industrial society. Labor was needed, but not slave labor.” “Five years ago Mr. and Mrs. Kirke Boott took up their residence at Lowell where there was then no building except one or two little hovels, but last night we went over very extensive cotton manufacturies that have sprung up since that time, and on every side fresh ones are starting into life. This State is so very bad for agricultural purposes that they are driven to manufactures to gain a livelihood?” —Margaret Hall, writing about Lowell, Massachusetts October 13, 1827

3. I. Economy of North and South

4. Reading from Lewiston Mill

6. What advantages did the North have? What advantages did the South have? Are you surprised by any? Who has the best advantages? Why?

7. II. Views on Slavery - The Peculiar Institution These slaves were illegally smuggled into Florida on April 30th 1860. Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote Uncle Tom’s Cabin in 1852 in response to the Fugitive Slave Act that demanded Northerners to return escaped slaves to their owners

8. Addresses the question of slavery in the new western territory In 1819, Missouri petitioned the United States to join the Union as a slave state In 1819, there were 11 free states and 11 slave states, which means 22 slave state senators and 22 free state senators Rep. Tallmadge from NY suggested Missouri be admitted as a free state - this caused tension Henry Clay (Rep. KY) helped pull together a two part compromise 1.Missouri admitted as a slave state / Maine admitted as a free state 2.No slavery allowed in the new territory above the 36º30’ parallel Missouri Compromise 1820

9. Missouri Compromise

10. The Mexican-American War (1846-1848) Annexation –Warned by Mexico (Santa Anna) that this would be considered a declaration of War –1845, Texas became 28th state –Mexico breaks off Diplomatic relations with US –Disputes over the US - Mexican Border (Rio Grande or Nueces Rivers) Slidell Mission 1845 –Sent to buy New Mexico and California for $30 million –Mexico refused to see Slidell –Polk sent 3,000 troops to establish Rio Grande as boundary Bear State Revolt 1846 –led by John Fremont, drove Mexicans out of CA –Led by Kearny drove Mexicans out of New Mexico Fighting Taylor wins Battle of Buena Vista Scott captures Veracruz and takes Mexico City

11. Results of the Mexican- American War Treaty of Guadalupe-Hildago  Mexico gave up claims to Texas Rio Grande is border  The U. S. gets California and New Mexico.  U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico ( over $3,500,000).  Gadsden Purchase Arizona and N. Mexico Route for Southern Transcontinental RR

12. Wilmot Proviso 1846 Introduced by Congressman David Wilmot (D-PA)Introduced by Congressman David Wilmot (D-PA) Proposed that any land gained by the Mexican-American War be free of slaveryProposed that any land gained by the Mexican-American War be free of slavery Passes in the House and failed on the Senate. Reintroduced in 1847 and failed in Senate.Passes in the House and failed on the Senate. Reintroduced in 1847 and failed in Senate. Introduced by Congressman David Wilmot (D-PA)Introduced by Congressman David Wilmot (D-PA) Proposed that any land gained by the Mexican-American War be free of slaveryProposed that any land gained by the Mexican-American War be free of slavery Passes in the House and failed on the Senate. Reintroduced in 1847 and failed in Senate.Passes in the House and failed on the Senate. Reintroduced in 1847 and failed in Senate. Most Important effect of Mexican War: Debate over slavery in territories acquired from Mexico

13. Missouri Compromise