1. What is Music? How do we know this?

2. Music is a form of art work that has ‘multiple instances’, none of which can be identified with the work itself.

3. Concept of music usually begin with the idea that: Music is organized sound

4. Philosophers usually add two further kinds of necessary condition: 1. An appeal to ‘tonality’ or essentially musical features such as pitch and rhythm

5. Condition 2: An appeal to aesthetic properties or experience

6. Music is: A complex amalgam of melody, harmony, rhythm, timbre and silence in a particular (intended) structure (Eduard Hanslick)

7. Kania argues that music is ‘(1) any event intentionally produced or organized (2) to be heard, and (3) either (a) to have some basic musical feature, such as pitch or rhythm, or (b) to be listened to for such features’ (2011, 12).

8. Music is: A sonoric event between noise and silence (Jacques Attali)

9. Music is: A form of culture …A ‘total social fact’… (Jean Molino)

10. Music is… A form of Science… A tool for Medicine and healing

11. Music is… something in which truth has set itself to work (Martin Heidegger)

12. Related Topics: 1. Multiple Intelligences in particular, “music smart”; Musical Intelligence (Howard Gardner) 2. Music Ontology – the ontology of musical works often sets the boundaries within which evaluation of musical works and performances takes place. What is an authentic performance? 3. Music Appropriations