1. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Chapter 7 Designing Developmentally Appropriate Environments Inside and Out

2. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Behavior Types Prosocial –Improves welfare of others or has a generally positive effect Antisocial –Detracts from welfare of others or has a generally negative effect

3. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Developing Prosocial Behavior Children need –Appropriate role models –A nurturing social environment –Positive interactions with peers

4. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Antisocial Behavior Lack of ethical restraint Lack of moral control Impulsiveness Inability to experience feelings of guilt

5. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Environment Physical surroundings that influence the child’s growth Surroundings that affect development and learning Everything child sees, hears, touches, or experiences

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7. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Developmentally Appropriate Environments Caring community of learners Teaching in a way that enhances development and fosters authentic learning Appropriate curriculum linked to children’s stages of development Assessment focused on children’s holistic development Respectful and reciprocal relationships with families

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9. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Nurturing Social Environments Foster development of positive self- esteem in children Supportive, warm, caring, and developmentally appropriate

10. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Limits Children must learn limits –Be safe –Be respectful –Be responsible

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12. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. A nurturing adult is… An honest, emotionally healthy person who is both assertive and caring Able and willing to make sure that children’s rights are protected Willing to help children behave responsibly Generous with affection that is not intrusive, overwhelming, or one-sided

13. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Competition versus Cooperation Competition reduces cooperation Cooperation is working with others unselfishly toward a common goal A cooperative environment is a learning community in which children work collaboratively

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15. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Child-Directed Activities Children select from appropriate range of materials for exploration Children choose activities that match their own interests and abilities Children’s natural curiosity and desire to learn instigate activities Children’s choices are not influenced by adult coercion

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17. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Learning Activities Relevant –Matched to child’s experiences, capabilities, and interests Active –Lively activities encouraging movement –Fostering large and small motor skill practice Sensorial –Appealing to five senses—touch, taste, smell, hearing, and sight

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19. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Consistent Routines Provide reliable, predictable flow of events Meet children’s need for food, rest, and activity Help children develop self-control

20. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Corporal Punishment Physical retribution (spanking or paddling) Known to increase children’s aggression Slows children’s moral development May risk overall mental health of children

21. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Affirmation, Affection, and Acceptance Assurance to children that they are wanted Appreciating children for their own individuality Letting children know that they do not need to conform or perform to be loved

22. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Set the Stage for Positive Behavior Provide appropriate activities, materials, and routines Give unconditional affection and affirmation Provide recognition, not gushy or insincere praise Encourage children to cooperate rather than compete Protect child’s individual rights

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24. ©Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. Provide Recognition Recognition and encouragement are appropriate Overabundance of gushy or insincere praise is inappropriate