1. Ch 18: Enlightenment and Revolution

2. a political system in which the government is under the control of one powerful leader Usually hereditary monarchy a political system in which the government is under the control of a small, powerful group. Usually the wealthy, or the military Oligarchy a rigid social system in which the government shares power and privileges with wealthy landowners. The “nobility” is hereditary and titled aristocracy

3. political system in which the government is under the control of the citizens themselves, or elected representatives chosen from eligible citizens Democracy Leaders are chosen from an elected assembly of citizens Modeled on British government Headed by a Prime Minister Parliamentary People choose an elected assembly Powers are usually separated Leader is chosen separately from the assembly US model Republic

4.  Where? Western Europe and North America  When? 1715 -1800  What?  An intellectual revolution  A movement to apply human reason to ideas about government and society.  Sometimes called the “Age of Reason”.  Resulted form the Scientific Revolution of 17 th century.

5. Characteristics of the Enlightenment:  Belief in reason, not superstition (Middle Ages was the “Age of Faith”)  Questions authority – especially the Church and Monarchy  Belief in the goodness and progress of humankind  Led to a secular society in which Church and State are separate  Example: US First Amendment ( Congress shall make no law establishing a religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof…) 1789

6.  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0B28_g wj0M http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0B28_g wj0M

7. Scientific Revolution Discoveries about the Natural world Progress in Science Newton, Descartes, Bacon Enlightenment “Philosophes” question political and economic systems Age of Reason John Locke, Voltaire, Montesquieu, Adam Smith, Jefferson Revolutions Glorious Revolution (England 1668) American Revolution (1776) French Revolution (1789)