1. Grade 8: U.S. History Liberty Middle School 1 Learning Objective: We will describe the principles 1 of federalism and dual sovereignty. Activate Prior Knowledge Name something only your parents have power over. Teachers? Both? 1: principles: basic facts Connect APK To LO: Just as power (authority) is divided and shared between your parents and the school, the power of our government is shared and divided between the national government in Washington, D.C. and our state governments, like California.

2. Grade 8: U.S. History Liberty Middle School 2 Concept Development: Dual Sovereignty 2 is the idea that both the federal 3 and state governments have authority and they have powers they share and powers they don’t share. Federalism is the system that divides and shares the powers and responsibilities between the federal and the state governments. 2 sovereignty: power and authority of government Pair-Share: If we need a new Middle School in Lemoore, which level of government would be responsible (Federal, State or Federal and State)? How do you know? Pair-Share: If we are sending our troops to Syria, which government (Federal, State or Federal and State) would be responsible? How do you know? (Federal) Pair Share: Listening to both your parents and teachers is an example of dual sovereignty. How do you know? 3: federal: national government in Washington, D.C.

3. Grade 8: U.S. History Liberty Middle School 3 Skill Development/Guided Practice: 1. Read the text carefully. CFU 2. Identify examples in the text. (highlight/underline) CFU: How did I/you identify an example? 3. Make a note about the example in the graphic organizer. CFU: Check students graphic organizer. Federal / NationalSharedStates Purpose Why is the power divided or shared? Example The Interstate Commerce clause: The federal government can regulate business between states. Show/Underline/Hide Text This is a federal power because it is best exercised by one _______________. And it is responsible for issues where _________ _____ are involved. The states and federal government both _____ ____________________ ___________________. They share some powers because there are powers that __________ need to _______. The states keep some powers for themselves, such as _____________ ___________________. Also the full Faith and Credit clause means that _________ must ______ other states' laws and court decisions as legal. The constitution was written to ____ the ______ of the ______ government, because _____________ _____________________ _____________________. central authority 2 or more both groups function each state accept limit power federal states Federal / National 1. The framers of the Constitution (the document that sets rules for how our government works) wanted a strong national government, but they also wanted the states to keep significant powers. 2. They accomplished both goals by creating a federal system of government in which power is shared between the national and state governments. Why do some powers belong only to the national government? 3. The Constitution gives some powers only to the national government. 4. In general, these are powers best exercised by one central authority, such as declaring war and making treaties. 5. Also, the national government is responsible for issues where two or more states are involved. 6. For example, the Constitution also says that only the national government can print and coin money. 7. The framers had learned from experience that separate state currencies made no sense. 8. Similarly, the national government has the power “to regulate Commerce with foreign Nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian Tribes.” Known as the commerce 1 clause 2, this provision gives the national government the power to regulate interstate commerce. 9. For example, a state cannot try to protect its own businesses and industries by taxing goods imported from other states. 1 business 2 part of a contract 3 different 4 set rules for Shared Why are some powers shared? 33. Federal and state governments also share some powers because there are powers both groups need to function. 34. Combined, the federal and state governments share power because it is easier to do things like raise taxes for public projects. 35. Also, both levels of government can build roads, borrow money, and regulate education. States Why do some powers belong only to the states? 19. The Constitution was written to limit the power of the federal government. 20. The Constitution does not spell out specific power of the states because the writers of the Constitution wanted the states to keep some sovereignty. 21. So, it says that the states retain, or keep, any powers that are not given to the national government. 22. For instance, the Constitution says nothing about schools, marriage, establishing local governments, owning property, licensing doctors and lawyers, or most crimes. 23. The states make the laws in these areas of life. 24. The Constitution does, however, outline the responsibilities of states to each other. Article IV says that each state must give “full Faith and Credit” 1 to the laws and court decisions of other states. 25. This means accepting other states’ laws and court decisions as legal. 26. For example, a driver’s license issued in one state is legal in every state. 27. Similarly, states must obey legal contracts that people have made in other states. 28. Like the commerce clause, the full faith and credit provision brings stability to business dealings. 29. States are also required to help each other track down fleeing criminals. 30. Criminals cannot escape justice by fleeing to another state. 31. Finally, the Constitution does not allow one state to discriminate 2 unreasonably against a citizen of another state. 32. A state may not, for example, refuse to let a child who was born in another state attend its public schools. 1 must recognize it 2 to treat differently

4. Fireworks: Illegal or Legal? Relevance: CA LAW: A person who possesses a gross weight, including packaging, of not less than 25 pounds or more than 100 pounds of unaltered dangerous fireworks, as defined in Section 12505, is guilty of a public offense, and upon conviction shall be punished by imprisonment in the county jail for not more than one year, or by fine of not less than one thousand dollars ($1,000) or more than five thousand dollars ($5,000), or by both that fine and imprisonment What can happen if you break the law and buy, transport or set-off illegal fireworks from Nevada or Arizona? Pair-Share: Why is it important to understand the difference between state laws? It is important to understand the difference between state laws because _________________________. Video CA Law and Fireworks

5. Grade 8: U.S. History Liberty Middle School 5 Skill Development/Guided Practice: Use your notes to complete the following. 1. Explain in your own words what federalism really is. __Federalism_is…__________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________ 2. Give an example of how power is divided or shared between the federal and state governments. ________________________________________________________________