1. ROMA PROGRAMS IN BUDAPEST AFTER 2004 2St Transnational Workshop Ethnic Minorities and Health in the Urban Context 30 th of September, 2006 Zsuzsanna Vidra IBS, Budapest EHESS, Paris

2. Aim of research Methodological comments Overview of the types of Roma support programs (government and EU Funds) Realisation of Roma programs in Budapest

3. Aim of the research: Receive a comprehensive picture on the currently running Roma support programs in Budapest Type of institutions hosting the programs Program fields Some specific examples

4. Methodological comments: Definition of Roma programs Questions on the impact of national programs on the Roma population of Budapest Questions on the impact of integrated programs on the Roma population

5. Programs supported by Government and EU Funds 1. Programs on culture: 1. Roma programs – Fostering Roma identity and culture – Enhancing the social integration of Roma 2. Non-Roma programs – Raising public awareness Programs on education Support of Roma educational attainment Anti-discrimination, anti-segregation Fostering Roma identity

6. Programs supported by Government and EU Funds 2. Programs on social affairs and social integration: Direct effect: Reduction of poverty and various social disadvantages Indirect effect: Training programs for social workers, Grants for researchers, etc.

7. Programs supported by Government and EU Funds 3. Programs on employment: Communal work Financial support and extra benefits Professional training Redemption of employment-hindering family obligations Employers’ support Training for specialist working on Roma employment Enhancement of better information-management

8. Programs supported by Government and EU Funds 4. Programs on business development 1. Support of Roma micro-, small-, and middle- business 2. Support of micro-, small-, and middle-business employing Roma Programs on anti-discrimination Programs on crime-prevention Programs on health

9. Health programs 1. The Decade of Public Health Program (started in 2002)  Undertaking health research on the access of underprivileged social groups to healthcare services  Supporting programs which make healthcare services more accessible for people living in segregated settlements and welfare institutions  Improving the living conditions and infrastructure of segregated settlements and small villages  Eliminating overrepresentation of Roma children in special schools  Organizing screenings for marginalized social groups  Training in graduate and postgraduate medical education with the Ministry of Education. Those organizations can be supported which already have experiences in such training  Educational programs for marginalized social groups on health prevention

10. Health programs 2. In the Hungarian Roma Decade Action Plan the following goals and targets are indicated Goal: Improvement of Roma people’s health status (years longer life expectancy at birth by 2013); improvement their access to healthcare facilities

11. Health programs 3. Increasing equal opportunities in university education for Roma youth studying for medical or social worker degree Grant for assisting Roma youth for the preparation of final exam and university admission exam Grant Phare Program, 2004-2005 Anti-discrimination scheme: Initiatives for strengthening tolerance on the local level The Hungarian Family and Women Protection Scientific Association’s (Budapest) project on “Health, Rights and Information for the Roma”

12. Health programs 4. Tolerance for health The aim of the project is to provide equal access to healthcare for everybody and paying special attention to the special problems of Roma patients. 1. Patient registration in hospitals 2. Social work in hospitals 3. Training programs for strengthening tolerance for medical staff 4. Organising screenings and medical check-ups 5. Strengthening the activity of the person representing patients rights in hospitals 6. Problems arising from patients lacking the necessary documents (ID cards, insurance cards

13. Health programs 5. Improving the housing conditions and promoting the social integration of people living in segregated settlements Special School Program Eliminating overrepresentation of Roma children in special schools

14. 1. Education, training 2. Empowering programs 3. Cultural support programs 4. Social programs 5. Health programs 6. Employment

15. Specific programs in the various program fields 1. Education, training: grants, special extra-curriculum schools for both high school and university students, training for Roma women, training for Roma people dealing with culture, training for Roma journalists and civil rights activists, training for Roma leaders Empowering programs: developing capacity of Roma organisations by raising awareness about their rights, training for co-operation, providing access to information Culture: supporting Roma artists, developing web-sites for Roma culture, supporting cultural groups

16. Specific programs in the various program fields 2. Social programs: improving living conditions by providing social work, targeted social work, supporting people in finding employment Health and mental-hygiene: training for Roma people on health prevention, training for young Roma to become health mediators, organising screenings, providing accessible information (“Dzsumbuj” - complex health prevention program in this socially marginalised settlement in Budapest)

17. Specific programs in the various program fields 3. Employment Types of employment support programs: Not specifically Roma programs (nevertheless, large number of Roma are among the beneficiaries) Communal work Supporting families of two or more generations of unemployed Assisting women to return to work Strengthening the social economy Inclusive workplace Programs targeting the Roma Roma employment support schemes: Supporting Roma small and medium size enterprises Training social workers to organise employment for Roma Establishing a Roma labour market service network

18. Types of organisations involved in running Roma programs in Budapest 1. Civil organisations 2. Government institutions (Hngarian TV, Social Research Institute, National and Etnic Minorities Public Foundation, National Bank) 3. Political organisation (Roma Parliament) 4. Businesses (Vodafone) 5. County Institutions (County police) 6. Municipal governements

19. Municipal government Roma programs Culture: supporting Roma cultural festivals (in districts populated by large number of Roma) Social programs: holiday opportunities for Roma children Education: providing grants for Roma students Employment: creating communal work for Roma musicians in some districts Urban rehabilitation(!)

20. Urban rehabilitation: the “Magdolna” project in Jozsefvaros, 8th district 1. Assessment phase: due to historical reasons, it is one of the biggest crises areas in the capital Socially marginalised population, Roma being over-represented - the “ghetto” of Budapest However, there is still a small layer of middle class

21. Urban rehabilitation: the “Magdolna” project in Jozsefvaros, 8th district 2. The municipal government launched the program in 2004 Made a budget for 15 years Won the financial support of the Budapest city council The program is planned to last for four years

22. Urban rehabilitation: the “Magdolna” project in Jozsefvaros, 8th district 3. Social programs: creating a community center establishing an association called “neighbourhood” to foster links among inhabitants refurbishing the local primary school both in physical and spiritual sense to make it attractive to local parents and children creating a nursery to assist women to find employment local crime prevention programs are launched

23. Urban rehabilitation: the “Magdolna” project in Jozsefvaros, 8th district 4. Renovation of building by including inhabitants in the construction work Recreation of the environment also by including inhabitants Economic program: supporting small trade and small enterprises local entrepreneurs are encouraged to participate in the development programs supporting Roma entrepreneurs

24. Main structural points Fragmented and centralized support scheme National focus, lack of Budapest-centered programs Generally top-down support scheme. Bottom-up schemes, haphazardly and cross-financed. Passivity on the local-governmental side Emphasis on culture and education Lack of resources in and sporadic focus on social care, health

25. Thank you for your attention!