1. BIOLOGY FORM 5
CHAPTER 1 :
TRANSPORT

2. SUBTOPICS
The Importance of Having a Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms
The Circulatory System
The Mechanism of Blood Clotting
The Lymphatic System
The Role of the Circulatory System in the Body’s Defence Mechanism
Appreciating a Healthy Cardiovascular System
The Transport of Substances in Plants
The Transport of Organic Substances & Water in Plants

3. Having A Transport System Some Multicellular Organisms
1.1 The Importance of
Having A Transport System in
Some Multicellular Organisms

4. 1.1 - The Importance of Having a Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms
LEARNING OUTCOMES :
To identify the problem that could be faced by multicellular organisms in obtaining their cellular requirements & getting rid of their waste products
To suggest how the problem is overcome in multicellular organisms

5. 1.1 - The Importance of Having a Transport System in Some Multicellular Organisms
All living organisms need to constantly exchange substances between cells & their external environment (food, waste & gases).
All this process is performed by a transport system.

6. Small organisms have a large total surface area to volume (TSA/V) ratio. So, diffusion of substances occurs rapidly (short distance only).
Some simple organisms such as flatworms have thin flatten bodies  provide a large surface area
In Hydra, water enters through the mouth into the body cavity. As the body wall is only two cell layers thick, substances can move rapidly into or out of the body cells.
Do not require a specialised internal transport system

7. Larger organisms, increased need for more nutrients & oxygen to be supplied to the larger number of cells. Need to excrete more waste products.
The size increases, TSA/V ratio decreases.
Many of the body cells are too far away from the external surface or between different parts of the body.
Simple diffusion occurs at too slow a rate to sustain cellular activities.

8. Larger multicellular organisms have adapted by developing specialised structures to increase the surface area for exchange of substances.
Have developed an internal transport system of vessels or tubes.
In human & more complex animals, there is development of a blood circulation system to carry the substances.
In plants, transport of substances is carried out by the vascular system (xylem & phloem).

9. OPPS…DON’T FORGET TO COPY EXERCISE ON THE NEXT PAGE!!
END OF
SUBTOPIC 1.1
OPPS…DON’T FORGET TO COPY EXERCISE ON THE NEXT PAGE!!

10. EXERCISE 1.1
State two problems faced by multicellular organisms in obtaining their cellular requirements & removing waste product.
State how these problems are overcome in multicellular organisms.
3. Explain why unicellular organisms do not face the problems listed in (Q1).

11. Iyah..iyah..Iyah….
THE END
THANK YOU