1. FIQH OF FASTING Entering Ramadan Workshop

2. TYPES OF FASTS فَرْض (obligatory)  Fasting in Ramadan  Fasting for a vow  Fasting a makeup fast سُنَّة (practice of the Prophet ( ﷺ ))  Fast of Ashura with an added day  Fast of on the day of `Arafah

3. TYPES OF FASTS سُنَّة (practice of the Prophet ( ﷺ ))  Fast of Ashura with an added day  Fast of on the day of `Arafah مُسْتَحَب (preferred)  Fasting Mondays and Thursdays  Fasting the “white days” (13 th -15 th )  Fasting Rajab and Sha`ban

4. TYPES OF FASTS مَكْرُوْه (undesirable)  Fasting on Nayruz  Fasting on Friday  Fasting on the Day of Doubt or prior to Ramadan حَرَام (prohibited)  `Eid ul-Fitr  `Eid ul-Adha  Ayyaam ut-Tashreeq

5. SURAH BAQARAH | VERSE 184 أَيَّامًا مَّعْدُودَاتٍ ۚ فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۚ وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ۖ فَمَن تَطَوَّعَ خَيْرًا فَهُوَ خَيْرٌ لَّهُ ۚ وَأَن تَصُومُوا خَيْرٌ لَّكُمْ ۖ إِن كُنتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ Days (of fasting are) few in number. However, should anyone of you be sick or on a journey, then a number from other days. And those who have the strength, on them there is a ransom: the feeding of a poor person. Then whoever does good voluntarily, that is better for him. And that you fast is better for you, if you know.

6. WHO IS EXCUSED FROM FASTING Shar`i definition of sick | فَمَن كَانَ مِنكُم مَّرِيضًا  The act of worship will aggravate the illness  e.g., wudu and ghusl are replaced with tayammum  e.g., praying standing is replaced with a modified prayer  Will face unbearable hardship  يُرِيدُ اللَّهُ بِكُمُ الْيُسْرَ وَلَا يُرِيدُ بِكُمُ الْعُسْرَ

7. WHO IS EXCUSED FROM FASTING Shar`i definition of traveler | أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ  Shar`i length for traveling  Same length for when shortening prayers  80.5km, 140m, ~50mi  Distance traveled by a camel carrying a load walking at a medium pace  Distance traveled on foot from early morning until noon

8. WHAT IS FIDYAH? | فِدْيَة وَعَلَى الَّذِينَ يُطِيقُونَهُ فِدْيَةٌ طَعَامُ مِسْكِينٍ ۖ And those who have the strength, on them there is a ransom: the feeding of a poor person.  Linguistic: redemption, ransom, sacrifice  Technical: ransom or redemption from the omission of certain religious duties, by material donation or ritual act

9. WHAT IS FIDYAH? | فِدْيَة Narration of Salma ibn Akwa`  Fidyah was permissible for those who could afford it  There was no restriction (i.e., illness, travel)  فَمَن شَهِدَ مِنكُمُ الشَّهْرَ فَلْيَصُمْهُ ۖ  So those of you who witness the month must fast therein  Abrogated the choice of giving fidyah

10. WHAT IS FIDYAH? | فِدْيَة Narration of Mu`adh bin Jabal  Three changes in fasting  From three days a month and `Ashura to fasting in Ramadan  From choice of fidyah to fasting if capable  From fasting beginning with post-iftar sleep to fasting beginning at dawn

11. HOW TO GIVE FIDYAH If unable to fast  Give the same amount as Sadaqah al-Fitr to those eligible  Fidyah should be given for each missed fast If fidyah cannot be given  Seek forgiveness  Intention to pay when able

12. WHO CAN GIVE FIDYAH Medical condition  Cannot makeup the fast at another time  وَمَن كَانَ مَرِيضًا أَوْ عَلَىٰ سَفَرٍ فَعِدَّةٌ مِّنْ أَيَّامٍ أُخَرَ ۗ  And should anyone be sick, or on a journey, then, a number from other days.  If the opportunity to makeup the fast never arose, then fidyah is not due

13. WHO DOES NOT GIVE FIDYAH Traveler Pregnant woman Nursing mother Temporarily sick (patient) Elderly but capable

14. RESULTS OF INVALIDATING THE FAST Qadah  A single day of fasting in place of broken fast Kaffarah  Sixty days fasting  Fasting missed day  If not possible  Feed sixty poor people two meals  Feed one person two meals for sixty days  Give sixty people the fidyah  Give one person the fidyah for sixty days

15. WHAT INVALIDATES THE FAST There are two results of invalidating the fast  Qadah (makeup fast) with kaffarah (expiation)  Consciously invalidating the fast from the three prohibitions of fasting (food, drink, marital relations)  Ingestion or inhalation of a substance

16. WHAT INVALIDATES THE FAST  Qadah (makeup fast) without kaffarah (expiation)  A shar`i need arises for one of the three  An intention was not made  The fast was never started  Force vomiting more than a mouthful  Taking an enema

17. CONTINUING THE APPEARANCE OF FASTING If fast was invalidated  Should still refrain from eating or drinking  Unless medical reason  Woman who stopped menstruating in day should refrain from eating or drinking  Woman who started menstruating during fast may eat and drink

18. HOW TO FAST A person should  Make intention of fasting anytime from the previous night until midday  Necessary component of fasting  Abstaining without intention will not fulfill fast

19. HOW TO FAST  No set du`a (supplication) according to the Sunnah  Not necessary to verbalize  Some scholars recommend  بِصَوْمِ غَدٍ نَوَيْتُ  I have intended to fast tomorrow  Intention can be made until noon  Scholars recommend not to delay until after dawn

20. HOW TO FAST تَسَحَّرُوْا فَإِنَّ فِيْ السُّحُوْرِ بَرَكَة Eat sahoor, for verily in sahoor there is blessing.

21. HOW TO FAST  Eat and drink at the end of the night (prior to dawn) وَكُلُوا وَاشْرَبُوا حَتَّىٰ يَتَبَيَّنَ لَكُمُ الْخَيْطُ الْأَبْيَضُ مِنَ الْخَيْطِ الْأَسْوَدِ مِنَ الْفَجْرِ ۖ ثُمَّ أَتِمُّوا الصِّيَامَ إِلَى اللَّيْلِ  “And eat and drink until the white thread [of dawn] becomes distinct to you from the black thread [of night]. Then complete the fast until sunset”

22. THE WHITE THREAD FROM THE BLACK THREAD

23. START AND END TIME FOR FASTING

26. HOW TO FAST At time of sunset  Recite the du`a for breaking the fast  أَللّهُمَّ لَكَ صُمْتُ وَ بِكَ آمَنْتُ وَ عَلى رِزْقِكَ أَفْطَرْتُ  O Allah, I fasted for You, and in You I believe, and with Your provision I break my fast. (Tabarani, Abu Dawood)  ذَهَبَ الظَّمْأُ وَ ابْتَلَّتِ العُرُوْقُ وَ ثَبَتَ الْأَجْرُ إِنْ شَاءَ اللهُ  The thirst has gone and the veins are moistened and reward is confirmed, if Allah wills. (Abu Dawood)

27. COMMON MISTAKES WHEN FASTING Brushing teeth Chewing gum Tasting food* Overeating during sahoor Delaying Maghrib during iftar Giving zakah only in Ramadan Eating/finishing up the meal at sahoor after dawn

28. OTHER RELATED ITEMS Taraweeh prayer  History  20 vs. 8  Is it a Sunnah?  Opinions of other scholars  What should our stance be?