1. Leap-frogging towards water resilience in Dar es Salaam and Addis Ababa Lise Herslund and Antje Backhaus Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Session: Water for all IARU Sustainability Science Congress, Copenhagen 22-24 October 2014

2. Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa

3. Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa Source: UN-DESA Population Division (2012). World Urbanization Prospects: The 2011 Revision. +2.1M +4.6M Population growth

4. Water deficit Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa Source: Early estimate based on various sources. demand supply demand supply

5. Dar es Salaam Addis Ababa Source: Early estimate based on various sources. Flooding & erosion

6. Option 1: Do nothing

7. Option 2: Local coping strategies

8. Option 3: Grey infrastructure

9. Option 4: Green infrastructure

11. Infiltration Evaporation Retention Use ‘Landscape based stormwater management’ Less costly Connection to other functions Step by step implementation More adaptable … than grey infrastructure

12. Water Resilient Green Cities in Africa September 2013 – August 2017 www.watergreenafrica.dk

13. L M S

14. Hypothesis The cities can leapfrog Urban water resilience can be improved by establishing a strong green infrastructure that can -reduce the impact of floods and -provide day-to-day services to the citizens (such as water supply, food, open space)

15. Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals becoming champions Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

16. Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals becoming champions Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue- green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

20. Water balance estimates Addis Ababa Dar es Salaam

21. Water balance estimates

22. 53% of annual runoff 81% of future demand

23. Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify and involve stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals - becoming champions Master course curriculum development Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

24. Stakeholder workshops to date City structure plan team and local government officers in Addis Ababa Engineers and planners in Dar es Salaam Pilot river catchment stakeholders in Addis Ababa Strongly agreeAgreeNeutralDisagree Strongly disagree Flooding is a serious problem in the area 265000 Drought is a serious problem in the area 1712020 At present, flooding is adequately coped with in the area 010198 Landscape based water management will effectively help mitigating flood problems 193340 There is much certainty about the capacity of landscape based water mgt as a means to mitigate floods 1015420

25. What champions? National City Catchment Case sites Water and Sewerage utilities Farmers cooperations Water or Environmental commitees Different woredas Urban Planners Solid Waste Managers Green Space Managers Funeral savings groups Ministeries Env. protection agencies Condominium development committees Basin Authority Housing Dept

26. Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

27. The everyday life perspective Down-stream Flooding, siltation and pollution Living with flooding – how? Up-stream Water supply shortage Erosion and stormwater flushes Wastewater and solid waste – disposed in environment Poor construction - increased water demand for toilet flushing Holding on to more water – how? Opportunities Retention of water and rainwater harvesting Waste management and alternative sanitation Collective solutions – how?

28. Leap-frogging activities Mind-set change of championsStrategies, plans and pilot tests Activities Identify champions and stakeholders on city, catchment and local level Course and envisioning workshop for professionals Curriculum development master course Involvement of champions in strategy and plan development Design charrettes in pilot communities Desktop based assessment of feasibility of blue-green structure management Collection of various field data Develop strategies for using the landscape for water management -City and catchment level strategies -Pilot community strategies -1:1 demonstrations projects

30. Catalogue of (early) ideas

31. First results Challenges – encroachment of green areas – multi-functional use? – pollution – lack of collective and coordinated practices to prevent floods and drought – mind-set change in city departments – fragmented institutional set up Opportunities – water supply potential – rain water harvesting – local projects with multiple benefits – awareness of the problems with floods and drought at both city and local level – top down and bottom up approaches – powerful champions

32. So how to leapfrog? The water balance – there is water! Local collective projects with multiple benefits - Addressing both flooding and water supply but also waste management Mind-set change in city departments - Why increase expensive centralized systems if large amounts are lost in the distribution system?