1. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Quantitative Performance of Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye: Point Spread Function in Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):23-28. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.1.23 A white light source with 2 plus lenses and a pinhole are used to produce a collimated light beam. The artificial eye according to the Gullstrand specifications uses a cornea made of polymethylmethacrylate, an artificial pupil, a mounting for the intraocular lens (IOL), and a retinal plane made of glass. The distance between the IOL and the retinal plane can be adjusted by means of a micrometer screw. The image is magnified with a microscope lens and visualized using a digital camera connected to a personal computer. δ Indicates pinhole diameter; Ω, viewing angle; δ′, diameter of the retinal pinhole image; Δ, diameter of the investigated area on the retina; Δ′, diameter of the investigated area on the chip of the digital camera (CCD-ARRAY); fC, focal length of the collimator lens; fE, focal length of the eye; a, distance between the retina and the microscope objective; and b, distance between the microscope objective and the CCD-ARRAY. Figure Legend:

2. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Quantitative Performance of Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye: Point Spread Function in Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):23-28. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.1.23 Same set up as Figure 1, but a minus lens is used to obtain a divergent beam. IOL indicates intraocular lens; δ, pinhole diameter; δ DL, virtual pinhole diameter created by the dispersing lens; δ′ DL, diameter of the virtual pinhole image on the retina; f C, focal length of the collimator lens; f DL, focal length of the dispersing lens; d, distance of the dispersing lens to the nodal point of the eye; a, distance between the retina and the microscope objective; and b, distance between the microscope objective and the chip of the digital camera (CCD-ARRAY). Figure Legend:

3. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Quantitative Performance of Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye: Point Spread Function in Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):23-28. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.1.23 Point spread function of the monofocal 811C with 20 D (model 811C20; Pharmacia Inc, Columbus, Ohio), the distance focus of the bifocal diffractive 811E (model 811E distance, Pharmacia Inc), the focus of the monofocal SI40NB with 20 D (model SI40NB20; Allergan Optical Inc, Irvine, Calif), and the focus of the SA40N (SA40N distance, Allergan Optical Inc). AU indicates arbitrary units. Figure Legend:

4. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Quantitative Performance of Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye: Point Spread Function in Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):23-28. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.1.23 Point spread function of the monofocal 811C with 25 D (model 811C25; Pharmacia Inc, Columbus, Ohio), the near focus of the 811E (model 811E near; Pharmacia Inc), the SI40NB with 24 D (model SI40NB24; Allergan Optical Inc, Irvine, Calif), and the near focus of the SA40N (model SA40N near; Allergan Optical Inc). AU indicated arbitrary units. Figure Legend:

5. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Quantitative Performance of Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye: Point Spread Function in Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):23-28. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.1.23 Modulation transfer function (MTF) of the monofocal 811C with 20 D (model 811C20; Pharmacia Inc, Columbus, Ohio), distance focus of the 811E (model 811E distance; Pharmacia Inc), the monofocal SI40NB with 20 D (model SI40NB20; Allergan Optical Inc, Irvine, Calif) and the distance focus of the SA40N (model SA40N distance; Allergan Optical Inc). Diff indicates diffractive; Diff Limit, MTF of a diffraction-limited lens computed for a pupil opening of 4.5 mm and a light wavelength of 500 nm. The different background shading indicates the clinical relevant area up to 30 cycles/degree. Figure Legend:

6. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Quantitative Performance of Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye: Point Spread Function in Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):23-28. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.1.23 Modulation transfer function (MTF) of the monofocal 811C with 25 D (model 811C25; Pharmacia Inc, Columbus, Ohio), the near focus of the 811E (model 811E near; Pharmacia Inc), the monofocal SI40NB with 24 D (model SI40NB 24; Allergan Optical Inc, Irvine, Calif), and the near focus of the SA40N (model SA40N near; Allergan Optical Inc). Diff indicates diffractive; Diff Limit, MTF of a diffraction-limited lens computed for a pupil opening of 4.5 mm and a light wavelength of 500 nm. The different background shading indicates the clinical relevant area up to 30 cycles/degree. Figure Legend:

7. Date of download: 5/30/2016 Copyright © 2016 American Medical Association. All rights reserved. From: Quantitative Performance of Bifocal and Multifocal Intraocular Lenses in a Model Eye: Point Spread Function in Multifocal Intraocular Lenses Arch Ophthalmol. 2002;120(1):23-28. doi:10.1001/archopht.120.1.23 Schematic light distribution in bifocal and multifocal intraocular lenses containing a central part only for the distance focus. Intermediate focal points like in the multifocal concept are only indicated. Figure Legend: