1. Student Discipline and Equal Education Opportunity Jenny Erkfitz EDD807-5 Aspen University

2. Objectives Outline student discipline issues Consider best practices for student discipline Illustrate common issues of equal education opportunities Compile best practices to ensure equal education opportunities

3. Student Discipline

4. Student Discipline Issues Behavioral issues (Dannells, 1997) –Crime –Hate speech –Rape –Substance abuse –Academic dishonesty Students rights movements of 1960s and 70s resulted in detailed process, less guidance for students Increase in consumer-oriented and older students Increase in litigation in society in general

5. Student Discipline Issues: Documentation Boyd v. State University of New York at Cortland (Avery, 2013) –Student dismissed for harassing another student in violation of student code of conduct –Student claimed: –Failure of university to follow published rules - denied –Denied due process - upheld Detailed findings of fact must be documented

6. Best Practices in Student Discipline Overarching principles (Dannells, 1997): –Preventing harm –Upholding freedom –Fostering community Collaborative effort –Faculty –Administrative staff –Students Citizenship curriculum

7. Equal Education Opportunities

8. Issues in Equal Education Opportunities Access to higher education is essential (Leadership Conference, 2015) Strides made in ensuring equal opportunities for women and minorities, but room for improvement exists Equal opportunity admissions policies are necessary

9. Higher Education Opportunity Act of 2008 Improved access to postsecondary education for students with intellectual disabilities –Financial aid –Transition programs Coordinating Center –Development and expansion of high-quality inclusive models –Coordinate model programs –Provide technical assistance –Evaluation of model programs –Development of recommendations for model accreditation standards (Lee, 2009)

10. Equal Opportunity Court Cases Grutter v. Bollinger (Leadership Conference, 2015) –Challenge to Law School’s admission process –Student body diversity is a compelling state interest –Race can be used in university admissions Gratz v. Bollinger –Challenge to undergraduate admissions process –Points awarded for certain demographic factors, including race –Narrow view was not necessary for university’s interest in diversity

11. Best Practices for Equal Education Opportunities: Access and Retention Universal instructional design for first year courses Peer cooperative learning programs Multicultural content and reading performance Academic advising of immigrant students Financial aid and students of low socioeconomic backgrounds (Duranczyk, Higbee, & Lundell, 2004)

12. References Avery, P. (2013, Nov 11). Cautionary tale for public institutions: Document your disciplinary decisions. Higher Education Law Report. Retrieved from http://www.higheredlawreport.com/2013/11/cautionary-tale-for-public-institutions- document-your-disciplinary-decisions/. http://www.higheredlawreport.com/2013/11/cautionary-tale-for-public-institutions- document-your-disciplinary-decisions/ Dannells, M. (1997). From discipline to development: Rethinking student conduct in higher education. ASHE – ERIC Higher Education Report 25(2). Retrieved from http://www.ericdigests.org/1998-1/conduct.htm. http://www.ericdigests.org/1998-1/conduct.htm Duranczyk, I.M., Higbee, J. L., & Lundell, D. B. (2004). Best practices for access and retention in higher education. University of Minnesota. Retrieved from http://www.cehd.umn.edu/crdeul/pdf/monograph/5-a.pdf. http://www.cehd.umn.edu/crdeul/pdf/monograph/5-a.pdf Leadership Conference. (2015). Equal opportunity and higher education: Fact sheet. Retrieved from http://www.civilrights.org/equal-opportunity/education/higher- education.html?referrer=http://nortonsafe.search.ask.com/web?q=equal%20opportunity%2 0higher%20education&o=apn10506&prt=cr.http://www.civilrights.org/equal-opportunity/education/higher- education.html?referrer=http://nortonsafe.search.ask.com/web?q=equal%20opportunity%2 0higher%20education&o=apn10506&prt=cr Lee, S. S. (2009). Overview of the federal higher education opportunity act reauthorization. Insight 1(2009). Retrieved from http://www.thinkcollege.net/images/stories/HEAC_Overview(1).pdf. http://www.thinkcollege.net/images/stories/HEAC_Overview(1).pdf