1. Plant Transport

2. 3. Transpiration, the loss of water from leaves (mostly through stomata), creates a force within leaves that pulls xylem sap upward.
4. Through stomata, leaves take in CO2 and expel O2. The CO2 provides carbon for photosynthesis. Some O2 produced by photosynthesis is used in cellular respiration.
2. Water and minerals are transported upward from roots to shoots as xylem sap.
1. Roots absorb water and dissolved minerals from the soil.
6. Sugars are transported as phloem sap to roots and other parts of the plant.
5. Sugars are produced by photosynthesis in the leaves.
7. Roots exchange gases with the air spaces of soil, taking in O2, and discharging CO2. In cellular respiration, O2 supports the breakdown of sugars.

3. Water Movement in Xylem

4. Transpiration is the process by which plants release water vapor into the air through pores in their leaves called stomata.
How it works:
Water is pulled up the stem of the plant by the strong attraction of water molecules to each other called cohesion.
Water moves up the plant, from the roots towards the leaves, because of a strong attraction between the water molecules and the stem wall called adhesion.

5. Capillary action is the rise of liquids in narrow tubes
Capillary action is the rise of liquids in narrow tubes. It also contributes to the movement of water up xylem
Notice the smaller the tube the higher the water rises (due to adhesion)

6. Animation

7. Transport of Gases- Stoma
Animation on Stomata

8. Stoma also affect water conservation/loss

9. Water is lost from these main areas of a plant:
Stomata – in the leaves, account for about 90% of water loss
Cuticle – the waxy layer, some water is lost through diffusion
Water moves through the plant from roots to leaves and is lost to the air as water vapor.

11. stem
roots

12. stem
roots
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

13. stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Water enters roots by osmosis

14. stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Water enters roots by osmosis

15. stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Water enters roots by osmosis

16. The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

17. The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

18. The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis

19. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves

20. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Water enters roots by osmosis

21. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
stem
Water and ions pass up xylem
roots
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Water enters roots by osmosis

22. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport

23. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves

24. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves

25. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves

26. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves
Sugar is transported in phloem

27. roots
stem
Water enters roots and root hairs by osmosis
Water and ions pass up xylem
The movement of water through the plant is called the transpiration stream
Transpiration
water evaporates from leaves
Mineral ions enter by active transport
Photosynthesis produces sugar in the leaves
Sugar is transported in phloem

28. Rates of Transpiration
Deforestation decreases the rate of transpiration in an area due to the large-scale removal of forest which normally adds water vapor to the air
This can have a serious effect upon the water cycle and the climate

29. Loss of Transpiration

31. Stomata