1. Antibody Production

2. Antibody: a globular protein that recognizes a specific antigen. Antigen: a substance or molecule that causes antibody formation (characteristic to the surface of a cell/cell type) When the immune system is challenged by the invasion of a pathogen, the corresponding lymphocyte responds. Lymphocyte with antigens

3. Production of antibodies This process is called clonal selection, as the right lymphocyte is selected then cloned. ①The antigen infects and is presented to the lymphocytes. ②The lymphocyte with a surface epitope complementary to the antigen is selected. ③The lymphocyte clones to produce many plasma cells. This occurs in the lymph nodes. ④The clone of plasma cells is produced. ⑤The gene for the antibody is expressed and secreted into the plasma and tissue fluid. ⑥The antibody circulated in body fluids destroying the infectious antigen

4. (a) There are many different lymphocytes.

5. (b) The antigen infects and is presented to the lymphocytes.

6. (c) The lymphocyte with a surface epitope complementary to the antigen is selected.

7. (d) The lymphocyte clones to produce many plasma cells. This occurs in the lymph nodes.

8. (e) The clone of plasma cells is produced.

9. (f) The gene for the antibody is expressed and secreted into the plasma and tissue fluid.

10. (g) The antibody circulated in body fluids destroying the infectious antigen.

11. Animation of Antibody Production: http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120110/micro43.swf http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120110/micro43.swf http://highered.mcgraw- hill.com/olc/dl/120110/micro43.swf

12. References "Defence from infectious disease." Click4Biology. Web. 07 Oct. 2009.. Taylor, Stephen. "Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core)." Upload & Share PowerPoint presentations and documents. Slideshare.net, Jan. 2009. Web. 08 Oct. 2009. http:// www.slideshare.net/gurustip/defense-against-infectious-disease- core-presentation. Taylor, Stephen. "Defense Against Infectious Disease (Core)." Upload & Share PowerPoint presentations and documents. Slideshare.net, Jan. 2009. Web. 08 Oct. 2009. http:// www.slideshare.net/gurustip/defense-against-infectious-disease- core-presentation. www.slideshare.net/gurustip/defense-against-infectious-disease- Taylor, Stephen. "Defense Against Infectious Disease (AHL)." Upload & Share PowerPoint presentations and documents. Slideshare.net, Jan. 2009. Web. 08 Oct. 2009. http:// www.slideshare.net/gurustip/defense-against-infectious-disease- ahl-presentation www.slideshare.net/gurustip/defense-against-infectious-disease-