1. Anatomy for Nutrition’s Sake Chapter 3

2. The Digestive System The gastrointestinal tract Layers of the GI tract wall Mouth Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine (colon)

3. The Gastrointestinal Tract Mouth Chewing Saliva Swallowing Esophagus Passes bolus from mouth to stomach

4. The Gastrointestinal Tract Stomach Stores food Forms chyme (semi-liquid blend of food & gastric secretions) Controls movement of chyme into small intestine

5. The Gastrointestinal Tract Small intestine Primary organ of digestion & absorption Adds bile & enzymes to chyme to complete digestion Absorbs nutrients into blood & lymph

6. The Gastrointestinal Tract Large intestine Absorbs dissolved minerals & water Eliminates waste products Harbors bacteria

7. The Digestive System Accessory organs of digestion Liver Makes bile Gallbladder Stores & releases bile Pancreas Makes bicarbonate & digestive enzymes (exocrine functions)

8. Metabolism Breaking down nutrients for energy Carbohydrate to glucose (catabolic) & glycogen (anabolic) Protein to amino acids (catabolic) & then to glucose, fat, or protein (anabolic) Fat/fat-soluble nutrients packaged in chylomicrons, then other lipoproteins

9. Other Systems Bones Muscles Nerves Lungs Reproductive organs

10. Let Foods Be Your Medicine Functional foods Visit the local grocery store Follow the research Incorporate functional foods into your daily diet

11. Do Your Genes Affect What’s in Your Jeans? Ancient ancestors’ eating habits vs. the way we eat today How ancient habits & eating patterns affect likelihood of developing chronic diseases Foods found in modern diets that were generally unavailable to our prehistoric ancestors

12. Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems Hiccups Causes Potential “cures”

13. Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems Constipation Definition - bowl movements ≤3 times per week Causes Treatment Diet: 20-35 g/fiber per day Lifestyle changes Laxatives

14. Gut Feelings--Common Digestive Problems Hemorrhoids Complication of constipation Signs & symptoms Treatment Tub baths Hemorrhoidal cream or suppository