1. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter Building Back Safer PILOT PROJECT KISMAAYO 1 Building Back Safer

2. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter CHOOSE THE LOCATION OF THE PLOT AND HOUSE CAREFULLY 2 Building Back Safer

3. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 3 Building Back Safer The field should be preferably on higher location and with a slight inclination to avoid stagnating or rushing water at the foundation of the building You should avoid building on a plot that has been filled, on a plot that has erosion caused by wind/rain. The nature of the soil needs to be of good quality to hold the weight of the building. © pictures Craterre

4. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING 4 Building Back Safer

5. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 5 Building Back Safer Avoid putting the openings of the buildings towards the rains. If you are avoiding high temperatures, avoid putting the openings towards the sun. If you are trying to use the sun to heat your building, put the openings towards the sun. © pictures Craterre

6. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter SETTING-OUT OF THE BUILDING 6 Building Back Safer

7. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 7 Building Back Safer Take away the termite hills Take off the artificial top soil (15cm) Take away any trees that are causing obstacles. Take out any rocks that are sticking out Use a water-level to ensure that the whole area is horizontal © pictures Craterre

8. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 8 Building Back Safer © pictures Craterre

9. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter EXCAVATION OF THE FOUNDATION 9 Building Back Safer

10. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 10 Building Back Safer Set out the building and show the foundation line with a pick-axe Once agree that this will be the foundation, dig until a good depth. © pictures Craterre

11. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 11 Building Back Safer How to decide the good depth? Take a pick-axe and hit it in to the ground. If the pick-axe hardly penetrates, your soil is solid and you don’t need a If the pick-axe goes slightly in, your soil is ok and you will need a slightly higher foundation. If the pick-axe enters the soil easily, you will need a broad and high foundation. © pictures Craterre

12. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter DIFFERENT FOUNDATION TECHNIQUES 12 Building Back Safer

13. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter The foundation is the most important part of the building that you would want to protect: INVESTMENT IN FOUNDATIONS IS KEY FOR BUILDING BACK SAFER 13 Building Back Safer

14. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 1. Foundation in cement blocks 14 Building Back Safer Owner Driven: should be done if there are good sand-quarries available to locally make good cement blocks. © pictures Craterre

15. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 1. Foundation in cement blocks 15 Building Back Safer © pictures Craterre

16. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 2. Foundation in cyclopean concrete 16 Building Back Safer Owner Driven: should be done if there are good natural (weather- resistant) stones available (quarries or other). © pictures Craterre

17. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 2. Foundation in cyclopean concrete 17 Building Back Safer Stone and aggregate locally available Select stone size Organize the stone in the foundation © pictures Craterre

18. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 3. Foundation in adobe soil blocks 18 Building Back Safer Owner Driven: should be done if the earth in the surrounding is good to make adobe (non- stabilized) blocks. Very important to protect the foundation. © pictures Craterre

19. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 3. Foundation in adobe soil blocks 19 Building Back Safer © pictures Craterre

20. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 4. Foundation in stabilized soil 20 Building Back Safer Owner Driven: should be done if the earth from the excavation of the foundation is a good lateritious soil, meaning having a high sand content and low clay content. © pictures Craterre

21. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 4. Foundation in stabilized soil 21 Building Back Safer Fill the excavation with layers of no more 20 Cm at each time Ram properly each layer up to the ground level Prevent risk of water evaporation by covering the foundation with soil. © pictures Craterre

22. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 4. Foundation in stabilized soil 22 Building Back Safer © pictures Craterre

23. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter FILLING IN THE FOUNDATION 23 Building Back Safer

24. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter Fill up with soil in layers of 10cm 24 Building Back Safer © pictures Craterre

25. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter PROTECTING THE FOUNDATION: UPPER-FOUNDATION 25 Building Back Safer

26. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter What is the definition of the upper-foundation? 26 Building Back Safer The upper part of the foundation is the part that is in- between the under-ground foundation and the elevated area inside the house. © pictures Craterre

27. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter What is the role of the upper-foundation? 27 Building Back Safer The upper part of the foundation protects the base of the building (and the walls) from stagnating water, from animals, from wind,... © pictures Craterre

28. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 28 Building Back Safer Upper-foundation part

29. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter THE IMPORTANCE OF THE WATER BARRIER 29 Building Back Safer

30. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 30 Building Back Safer Water raising up due to capillarity Plastic DPC Cement mortar (350kg/m3) DPC © pictures Craterre

31. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 31 Building Back Safer © pictures Craterre

32. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter PROTECTING THE WALLS 32 Building Back Safer

33. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 33 Building Back Safer Water resistant / Water absorbent material: Sand / cement blocs…mortar… © pictures Craterre

34. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter ATTACHING THE ROOF TO THE WALLS 34 Building Back Safer

35. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 35 Building Back Safer Ensure that the roof is properly connected to the walls. If the walls are made of soil- based materials (no cement), make sure to include a wooden stick to tie the roof structure to the walls. © pictures Craterre

36. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 36 Building Back Safer © pictures Craterre

37. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter TECHNICAL DETAILS TO KEEP IN MIND 37 Building Back Safer

38. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 38 Building Back Safer A. Curing process Cement needs water to harden out. If there is no continuity of water, the cement will not harden out properly. A curing process of 3-4 days is necessary when using cement based materials. © pictures Craterre

39. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 39 Building Back Safer A. Curing process © pictures Craterre

40. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 40 Building Back Safer B. Rounded corners Corners of buildings often have huge temperature differences in- between the two walls (one in the shadow and the other in the sun). Therefore, corners are rounded off. © pictures Craterre

41. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 41 Building Back Safer B. Rounded corners Different ways are used to make corners stronger: diagonal, cornered bricks, stabilized bricks or fire-burnt bricks © pictures Craterre

42. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 42 Building Back Safer C. Door and window openings © pictures Craterre

43. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 43 Building Back Safer As doors and windows often open and close, the bricks that hold the door will often break. Therefore, ensure wooden pieces are included to keep the openings properly attached. C. Door and window openings © pictures Craterre

44. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 44 Building Back Safer D. ROOF RESISTANCE AND WIND Vents dominants SENS DE POSE © pictures Craterre

45. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 45 Building Back Safer D. ROOF RESISTANCE AND WIND © pictures Craterre

46. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 46 Building Back Safer D. ROOF RESISTANCE AND WIND Build verandas with a board to break the wind. © pictures Craterre

47. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter 47 Building Back Safer E. How to identify a good block? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. © pictures Craterre

48. Shelter Cluster Somalia ShelterCluster.org Coordinating Humanitarian Shelter Building Back Safer END OF PRESENTATION 48 Building Back Safer