1. Chapter 11: Business Plan 1 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Crafting a Winning Business Plan

2. Chapter 11: Business Plan 2 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company The Business Plan Business plan – a written summary of: Business plan – a written summary of:  an entrepreneur’s proposed business venture  its operational and financial details  its marketing opportunities and strategy  its managers’ skills and abilities

3. Chapter 11: Business Plan 3 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company The Business Plan: Three Essential Functions 1. Guiding the company by charting its future course and defining its strategy for following it. 2. Attracting lenders and investors who will provide needed capital. 3. Demonstrating that the entrepreneur understands the business venture and what will make it succeed.

4. Chapter 11: Business Plan 4 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company A Plan Must Pass Three Tests The Reality Test - proving that: The Reality Test - proving that:  a market really does exist for your product or service.  you can actually build or provide it for the cost estimates in the plan. The Competitive Test - evaluating: The Competitive Test - evaluating:  a company’s position relative to its competitors.  management’s ability to create a company that will gain an edge over its rivals. The Value Test – proving that: The Value Test – proving that:  a venture offers investors or lenders an attractive rate of return or a high probability of repayment.

5. Chapter 11: Business Plan 5 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Why Take the Time to Build a Business Plan? Although building a plan does not guarantee success, it does increase your chances of succeeding in business. Although building a plan does not guarantee success, it does increase your chances of succeeding in business. A plan is like a road map that serves as a guide on a journey through unfamiliar, harsh, and dangerous territory. Don’t attempt the trip without a map! A plan is like a road map that serves as a guide on a journey through unfamiliar, harsh, and dangerous territory. Don’t attempt the trip without a map!

6. Chapter 11: Business Plan 6 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Key Elements of a Business Plan Executive Summary Executive Summary Mission Statement Mission Statement Company History Company History Business and Industry Profile Business and Industry Profile

7. The relationship among mission, goals, and action. Mission Goals Specific Actions

8. Chapter 11: Business Plan 8 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Key Elements of a Business Plan Executive Summary Executive Summary Mission Statement Mission Statement Company History Company History Business and Industry Profile Business and Industry Profile Business Strategy Business Strategy Description of Products/Services Description of Products/Services

9. Chapter 11: Business Plan 9 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Features vs. Benefits Feature – a descriptive fact about a product or service (“an ergonomically designed, more comfortable handle”). Feature – a descriptive fact about a product or service (“an ergonomically designed, more comfortable handle”). Benefit – what a customer gains from the product or service feature (“fewer problems with carpal tunnel syndrome and increased productivity”). Benefit – what a customer gains from the product or service feature (“fewer problems with carpal tunnel syndrome and increased productivity”).

10. Chapter 11: Business Plan 10 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Key Elements of a Business Plan Marketing Strategy Marketing Strategy Competitor Analysis Competitor Analysis Description of Management Team Description of Management Team Plan of Operation Plan of Operation Forecasted Financial Statements Forecasted Financial Statements Loan or Investment Proposal Loan or Investment Proposal (continued)

11. Chapter 11: Business Plan 11 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Guidelines for Preparing a Business Plan Remember: No one can create your plan for you. Remember: No one can create your plan for you. Potential lenders want to see financial projections, but they are more interested in the strategies for reaching those projections. Potential lenders want to see financial projections, but they are more interested in the strategies for reaching those projections. Show how you plan to set your business apart from competitors; don't fall into the “me too” trap. Show how you plan to set your business apart from competitors; don't fall into the “me too” trap. Identify your target market, and offer evidence that customers for your product or service exist. Identify your target market, and offer evidence that customers for your product or service exist.

12. Chapter 11: Business Plan 12 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Tips on Preparing a Business Plan Make sure your plan has an attractive cover. (First impressions are crucial.) Make sure your plan has an attractive cover. (First impressions are crucial.) Rid your plan of all spelling and grammatical errors. Rid your plan of all spelling and grammatical errors. Make your plan visually appealing. Make your plan visually appealing. Include a table of contents to allow readers to navigate your plan easily. Include a table of contents to allow readers to navigate your plan easily. Make it interesting. Make it interesting.

13. Chapter 11: Business Plan 13 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Tips on Preparing a Business Plan Your plan must prove that the business will make money (not necessarily immediately, but eventually). Your plan must prove that the business will make money (not necessarily immediately, but eventually). Use spreadsheets to generate financial forecasts. Use spreadsheets to generate financial forecasts. Always include cash flow projections. Always include cash flow projections. Keep your plan “crisp” – between 25 and 50 pages long. Keep your plan “crisp” – between 25 and 50 pages long. Tell the truth – always. Tell the truth – always. (continued)

14. Chapter 11: Business Plan 14 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Presenting the Plan Demonstrate enthusiasm, but don’t be overly emotional. Demonstrate enthusiasm, but don’t be overly emotional. Know your audience thoroughly. Know your audience thoroughly. “Hook” investors quickly with an up-front explanation of the venture, its opportunities, and its benefits to them. “Hook” investors quickly with an up-front explanation of the venture, its opportunities, and its benefits to them. Hit the highlights; focus on the details later. Hit the highlights; focus on the details later. Keep your presentation simple – 2 or 3 major points. Keep your presentation simple – 2 or 3 major points.

15. Chapter 11: Business Plan 15 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Presenting the Plan Avoid overloading your audience with technological jargon. Avoid overloading your audience with technological jargon. Use visual aids. Use visual aids. Close by reinforcing the nature of the opportunity. Close by reinforcing the nature of the opportunity. Be prepared (with details) for potential investors’ questions. Be prepared (with details) for potential investors’ questions. Follow up with every investor to whom you make your presentation. Follow up with every investor to whom you make your presentation. (continued)

16. Chapter 11: Business Plan 16 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company The “5 Cs” of Credit Capital Capital Capacity Capacity Collateral Collateral Character Character Conditions Conditions

17. Chapter 11: Business Plan 17 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Chapter Objectives 1. Explain why every entrepreneur should create a business plan, as well as the benefits of a plan. 1. Explain why every entrepreneur should create a business plan, as well as the benefits of a plan. 2. Describe the elements of a solid business plan. 2. Describe the elements of a solid business plan. 3. Understand the keys to making an effective business plan presentation. 3. Understand the keys to making an effective business plan presentation. 4. Explain the "5 Cs of Credit" and why they are important to potential lenders and investors reading business plans. 4. Explain the "5 Cs of Credit" and why they are important to potential lenders and investors reading business plans.

18. Chapter 11: Business Plan 18 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company Chapter Overview

19. Chapter 11: Business Plan 19 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company 1. Explain why every entrepreneur should create a business plan. A business plan serves two essential functions. First and most important, it guides the company's operations by charting its future course and devising a strategy for following it. The second function of the business plan is to attract lenders and investors. Applying for loans or attempting to attract investors without a solid business plan rarely attracts needed capital. A business plan serves two essential functions. First and most important, it guides the company's operations by charting its future course and devising a strategy for following it. The second function of the business plan is to attract lenders and investors. Applying for loans or attempting to attract investors without a solid business plan rarely attracts needed capital.

20. Chapter 11: Business Plan 20 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company 2. Explain the benefits of preparing a plan. Preparing a sound business plan clearly requires time and effort, but the benefits greatly exceed the costs. Building the plan forces a potential entrepreneur to look at her business idea in the harsh light of reality. It also requires the owner to assess the venture's chances of success more objectively. A well-assembled plan helps prove to outsiders that a business idea can be successful. Preparing a sound business plan clearly requires time and effort, but the benefits greatly exceed the costs. Building the plan forces a potential entrepreneur to look at her business idea in the harsh light of reality. It also requires the owner to assess the venture's chances of success more objectively. A well-assembled plan helps prove to outsiders that a business idea can be successful. The real value in preparing a business plan is not so much in the plan itself as it is in the process the entrepreneur goes through to create the plan. Although the finished product is useful, the process of building a plan requires an entrepreneur to subject his idea to an objective, critical evaluation. What the entrepreneur learns about his company, its target market, its financial requirements, and other factors can be essential to making the venture a success. The real value in preparing a business plan is not so much in the plan itself as it is in the process the entrepreneur goes through to create the plan. Although the finished product is useful, the process of building a plan requires an entrepreneur to subject his idea to an objective, critical evaluation. What the entrepreneur learns about his company, its target market, its financial requirements, and other factors can be essential to making the venture a success.

21. Chapter 11: Business Plan 21 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company 3. Describe the elements of a solid business plan. Although a business plan should be unique and tailor- made to suit the particular needs of a small company, it should cover these basic elements: Although a business plan should be unique and tailor- made to suit the particular needs of a small company, it should cover these basic elements: an executive summary, a mission statement, a company history, a business and industry profile, a description of the company's business strategy, a profile of its products or services, a statement explaining its marketing strategy, a competitor analysis, owners' and officers' resumes, a plan of operation, financial data, and the loan or investment proposal. an executive summary, a mission statement, a company history, a business and industry profile, a description of the company's business strategy, a profile of its products or services, a statement explaining its marketing strategy, a competitor analysis, owners' and officers' resumes, a plan of operation, financial data, and the loan or investment proposal.

22. Chapter 11: Business Plan 22 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company 4. Understand the keys to making an effective business plan presentation. Lenders and investors are favorably impressed by entrepreneurs who are informed and prepared when requesting a loan or investment. Lenders and investors are favorably impressed by entrepreneurs who are informed and prepared when requesting a loan or investment. Tips include: Demonstrate enthusiasm about the venture, but don't be overemotional; "hook" investors quickly with an up-front explanation of the new venture, its opportunities, and the anticipated benefits to them; use visual aids; hit the highlights of your venture; don't get caught up in too much detail in early meetings with lenders and investors; avoid the use of technological terms that will likely be above most of the audience; rehearse your presentation before giving it; close by reinforcing the nature of the opportunity; and be prepared for questions. Tips include: Demonstrate enthusiasm about the venture, but don't be overemotional; "hook" investors quickly with an up-front explanation of the new venture, its opportunities, and the anticipated benefits to them; use visual aids; hit the highlights of your venture; don't get caught up in too much detail in early meetings with lenders and investors; avoid the use of technological terms that will likely be above most of the audience; rehearse your presentation before giving it; close by reinforcing the nature of the opportunity; and be prepared for questions.

23. Chapter 11: Business Plan 23 Copyright 2005 Prentice Hall Inc. A Pearson Education Company 5. Explain the "5 Cs of Credit" and why they are important to potential lenders and investors reading business plans. Small business owners need to be aware of the criteria bankers use in evaluating the credit-worthiness of loan applicants – the five Cs of credit: Small business owners need to be aware of the criteria bankers use in evaluating the credit-worthiness of loan applicants – the five Cs of credit: capital, capacity, collateral, character, and conditions. capital, capacity, collateral, character, and conditions. Capital - Lenders expect small businesses to have an equity base of investment by the owner(s) that will help support the venture during times of financial strain. Capital - Lenders expect small businesses to have an equity base of investment by the owner(s) that will help support the venture during times of financial strain. Capacity - A synonym for capacity is cash flow. The bank must be convinced of the firm's ability to meet its regular financial obligations and to repay the bank loan, and that takes cash. Capacity - A synonym for capacity is cash flow. The bank must be convinced of the firm's ability to meet its regular financial obligations and to repay the bank loan, and that takes cash. Collateral - Collateral includes any assets the owner pledges to the bank as security for repayment of the loan. Collateral - Collateral includes any assets the owner pledges to the bank as security for repayment of the loan. Character - Before approving a loan to a small business, the banker must be satisfied with the owner's character. Character - Before approving a loan to a small business, the banker must be satisfied with the owner's character. Conditions - The conditions - interest rates, the health of the nation's economy, industry growth rates, etc. - surrounding a loan request also affect the owner's chance of receiving funds. Conditions - The conditions - interest rates, the health of the nation's economy, industry growth rates, etc. - surrounding a loan request also affect the owner's chance of receiving funds.