1. STOPPING FISH POACHING: THE PRESIDENTIAL TASK FORCE ON ILLEGAL, UNREPORTED AND UNREGULATED FISHING

2. Introductions and Expectations: - Your name and Operating Unit - One issue or question Overview of IUU Fishing and Proposed Traceability Rule Experiences of Mission colleagues Open Discussion FISH POACHING AND WILDLIFE CRIME

3. Illegal: Fish taken in violation of international or regional agreements and national laws Unreported: Fish taken legally, but not reported or mis- reported in national statistics, compromising the data used in management Unregulated: Fishing by vessels without nationality, or vessels flying the flag of a country not party to the Regional Fishery Management Organization governing that fishing area or species on the high seas 1. WHAT IS IUU FISHING?

4. Illegal and unreported fishing: Account for catches worth between $10 and 23.5 billion annually (Agnew et al. 2009): –Equivalent to about 1/5 of the global reported catch USAID/Senegal study: –60% of fishing is illegal –$300 million/year lost –threat to food security and livelihoods 2. ECONOMIC LOSSES?

5. “no EEZ was free of the effects of poaching” 3. WHERE ARE THE HOT SPOTS? Mora et al. 2009

6. Pramod et al. 2014: Illegal and unreported catches represented 20–32% by weight of wild-caught seafood imported to the U.S. in 2011 Valued at $1.3 to $2.1 billion This trade represents between 4% and 16% of the value of the global illegal fish catch Major source countries include China, Thailand, Indonesia, Ecuador, Vietnam, Philippines, India, Mexico → Unintentional role of the U.S., one of the largest seafood markets in the world, in funding the profits of illegal fishing 4. WHAT IS ROLE OF U.S.? A MAJOR SEAFOOD CONSUMER & ALLEGED WEAK LINK IN COMBATING IUU

7. 5. IUU TASK FORCE AND SEAFOOD TRACEABILITY IUU Fishing & Seafood Fraud Task Force Established by a Presidential Memorandum in 2014 14 Federal agencies Task Force Action Plan with 15 Recommendations USAID, State, NOAA co-chair Capacity Building WG Key recommendation – require traceability of U.S. imports Political influences include: Secretary Kerry, Congress, U.S. fishing industry, NGOs

8. Protect American Consumers, Support Legitimate Fishers 6. DOMESTIC INTERESTS? Oceana conducted one of the largest seafood fraud investigations in the world... DNA testing found that one-third of the samples analyzed nationwide were mislabeled February 2013, Warner et. al

9. 7. IMPACTS TO BIODIVERSITY, FOOD SECURITY, ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT & CLIMATE ADAPTATION World Bank: $50 billion annually

10. 8. SECURITY, TRAFFICKING, CONFLICT, CHILD & UNPAID LABOR Fishing ships are the least identifiable and traceable vessels at sea “The study found that fishing vessels are used for the purpose of smuggling of migrants, illicit traffic in drugs (primarily cocaine), illicit traffic in weapons, and acts of terrorism.” - UN Office on Drugs and Crime Report 2011

11. 9. KEY RESPONSES: PORT STATE MEASURES, TRACEABILITY, IMPROVED FISHERIES GOVERNANCE SCIENCE 4 June 2010 Partnerships Technology Priority Geographies Capacity Building Integrated Planning

12. Proposed traceability rule will enhance transparency and increase demand for legal seafood  Point of harvest, vessel, gear, processor, chain of custody  Harmonized custom codes, traceability  Improved business and government practices International diplomacy:  Increased political will and international collaboration  Port State Measures, Vessel ID, Catch Documentation Free Trade Agreements address fisheries & subsidies Sea Scout Initiative → seeking pilot sites Improve maritime domain awareness Pilot and disseminate technologies and practices 10. TASK FORCE ACTIONS CATALYZING REFORMS

13. How coordinate across USG and with external partners? Develop Situation Model to create common vision, identify major drivers, represent system perspective → Identify Key Interventions Coordination most effective at country level STRATEGIC, COORDINATED ACTIONS

14. ThreatsDrivers Simplified Situation Model and Leverage Points for IUU Fishing & Seafood Fraud Food security Peace & Security Fishing Livelihoods Coastal Protection Cultural Values Nutrition Inclusive economic growth IUU Fishing Legal but Unsustainable Overfishing Destructive Bycatch Minimal Consequences Economic gain Lack of genuine constituencies Insufficient industry leadership Insufficient local, national leadership Fish viewed as free, open access + Fishers' desire for safe, profitable Low risk of detection, prosecution, penalty Few convictions Low penalties Weak governance arrangements for fisheries at local to regional scales Open access and over-capacity Inadequate laws and policies Lack of stakeholder engagement, tenure Weak organizational implementation Inadequate management plans, processes Lack of information (e.g. stocks, catch) Lack of ecosystem approaches Lack of coordination and funding Some subsidies Forced labor Lax safety Lack of Transparency 1.Industry incentives: Enhance the economic incentives for greater industry self-regulation of seafood legality and sustainability 2.Transparency: Foster a transparent flow of information on fisheries to improve procurement decisions, enforcement, and fisheries management 3.Enforcement: Increase consequences of IUU fishing by enhancing global capacity for enforcement 4.Governance: Strengthen fisheries governance arrangements to enable good management and promote compliance 5.Constituencies and Political Will: Build and leverage support to promote market incentives, good governance and effective enforcement Focal Interests Illegal Unreported Unregulated Motivations for IUU fishing, seafood fraud Weak enforcement capabilities Inadequate enforcement resources Economic rent not collected + High-level political interest in: IUU fishing and seafood fraud Trade agreements Maritime domain awareness Associated labor abuses Fisheries & global food security 5 Associated criminality 4 High global demand for seafood High import demand for cheap seafood High demand for aquaculture feed High local demand for food fish Lack of incentives for industry self-regulation 3 Limited market demand for legal, sustainable seafood Weak import requirements Low accountability in business practices, low risk Supply chains, product traceability Interoperability to facilitate data flow Vessel IDs, registries, crew manifests Fishing concessions Compliance & enforcement actions Corruption Poor national, regional, global coordination Lack of intelligence-based policing (MDA) Inability to enforce national, international rules (e.g., PSMA) Lack of trained staff, technology Collaborative approaches to enforcement are underdeveloped and under-utilized 1 Market distortions 2 Marine Biodiversity 4

15. Industry Incentives Enhanced Transparency Capable Enforcement Strengthened Governance and Effective Institutions Political Will and Constituencies CATEGORIES OF INTERVENTIONS

16. Luis Ramos, Central American Regional Mission Sharon Gulick, Philippines Mission John Hansen, Indonesian Mission Alfred Nakatsuma, Regional Development Mission Asia SHARING INTERVENTIONS AND LESSONS

17. -What types of interventions have been applied or are needed? -What lessons have emerged? -What support do missions need? -How can we engage other sectors? Trade capacity, food security, DG? -What could we do collectively to address IUU fishing? OPEN DISCUSSION