1. AALL July 26, 2009 OCLC Update Glenn E. Patton Director, WorldCat Quality Management

2. Topics for today OCLC Record Use Policy Online Catalogs: What Users and Librarians Want Library Management Services at Web Scale WorldCat Local Expert Community Experiment xISSN Web Service

3. OCLC Review Board on Principles of Shared Data Creation and Stewardship Review Board appointed by OCLC Board of Trustees and Members Council URL of Review Board page: http://www.oclc.org/us/en/worldcat/catalog/policy/board/default.htm http://www.oclc.org/us/en/worldcat/catalog/policy/board/default.htm Report and recommendations submitted June 22 http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/catalog/FinalReport_ReviewBoard. pdf http://www.oclc.org/worldcat/catalog/FinalReport_ReviewBoard. pdf OCLC formally withdraws proposed policy June 26 Press release: http://www.oclc.org/news/releases/200939.htmhttp://www.oclc.org/news/releases/200939.htm New group being formed to develop new policy with participation from membership and others

4. Online Catalogs: What Users and Librarians Want http://www.oclc.org/us/en/reports/onlinecatalogs/default.htm

5. With thanks to Karen Calhoun and Janet Hawk, Joanne Cantrell, Peggy Gallagher, OCLC Market Research Photo by allw3ndy http://flickr.com/photos/allw3ndy/2757149584/ http://flickr.com/photos/allw3ndy/2757149584/

6. Online Catalogs: What Users and Librarians Want End-Users expect online catalogs: to look like popular Web sites to have summaries, abstracts, tables of contents to help find needed information Librarians expect online catalogs: to serve end users’ information needs to help staff carry out work responsibilities to have accurate, structured data to exhibit classical principles of organization http://www.oclc.org/us/en/reports/onlinecatalogs/default.htm

7. Classical Principles of Information Organization in Libraries Charles A. Cutter. Rules for a dictionary catalog, 1904. Paris Principles, 1961 4. Objectives and functions of the catalogue 4.1 To find bibliographic resources … 4.2 To identify a resource or agent … 4.3 To select a bibliographic resource … 4.4 To acquire or obtain access to an item … 4.5 To navigate within a catalogue and beyond … International cataloguing principles, 2009 Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR)

8. Where does an end user’s definition of “quality” come from? “Users bring expectations developed through Internet use into library environments.”—Alison Dellit and Tony Boston, National Library of Australia “Due to the popularity of web search engines... users think they can find everything on a topic with a few well-chosen words.”—Roy Tennant “More and more, users want, expect, and pursue full text.”— Norm Medeiros

9. What factors influence an end user’s definition of “catalog quality” today? “Dewey arranged books by subject, but Amazon tries to find every way we might want to get from the A of a book we know to the B, C, and Z of books we don’t know, including the fact that lots of other people bought Z.” --David Weinberger, Everything is Miscellaneous, p. 62.

10. What is “full”? + 3 more screens Product description and purchase information; ‘More like this’ Editorial reviews and author info ‘Inside the book’ tags, ratings, customer reviews, lists and more With thanks to David Lankes: http://quartz.syr.edu/rdlankes/Presentations/2007/ALCTS.pdf Bibliographic information Library holdings Details Subjects Editions Reviews Bibliographic information Australian library holdings

11. The Task Before Us “What is needed now is to integrate the best of both worlds in new, expanded definitions of what “quality” means in library online catalogs.”—Online Catalogs report How can what technical services does better reflect what end users want?

12. Objectives of our metadata quality research Start over with a blank page Identify and compare metadata expectations End users Librarians Compare expectations of types of librarians Determine end-user satisfaction with WorldCat.org Define a new WorldCat quality program … Taking into account the perspectives of all constituencies of WorldCat End users (and subgroups of end users) Librarians (and subgroups of librarians)

13. Research methodologies and demographics Focus groups Conducted by Blue Bear, LLC Three sessions: College students, general public, scholars Pop-up survey on WorldCat.org Conducted by ForeSee Results 11,000+ responses: Students (28%), educators (22%), business professionals (19%), other; mix of ages; 44% from outside U.S. Librarian survey Conducted by Marketing Backup 1,397 responses; North America (64%) and outside North America (36%); academic, public, special libraries; staff with roles in technical and public services, ILL, directors

14. What did we learn? End-user focus group results Key observations: Delivery is as important, if not more important, than discovery. Seamless, easy flow from discovery through delivery is critical. Summaries and tables of contents are key elements of a description Improved search relevance is necessary.

15. What did we learn? End-user focus group results Casual Searchers UndergraduatesScholars User-created lists not useful User-created lists useful User-created lists not useful ‘Shopper’ mentality: don’t even show me what I can’t get now User-contributed reviews and ratings useful Reviews and ratings useful if authoritative Strongest preference for cover art

16. What did we learn? Pop-up survey suggestions Changes to help identify an item? End users (n=7535)

17. End-user recommendations Improve search relevance Add more links to online full text (and make linking easy) Add more summaries/abstracts: Make summaries more prominent Add more details in the search results (e.g., cover art and summaries)

18. Librarian/staff survey results Recommended enhancements to WorldCat Total librarian responses

19. Recommended enhancements to WorldCat Total end-user responses End-User Results: Recommended Enhancements 4 Librarian/Staff Results: Highlighted Differences 9 1

20. What did we learn? Librarians’ Perceptions Compared to End-users Recommended enhancements to WorldCat

21. What did we learn? Librarians’ Perceptions Compared to End-users Recommended enhancements to WorldCat

22. What did we learn? Librarian survey results Respondents Who Reported Roles in Cataloging: Upgrade Brief Records Recommended enhancements to WorldCat

23. What did we learn? Librarian survey results Respondents Who Reported Roles as Library Directors: More Clickable Links to Online Content Recommended enhancements to WorldCat

24. Recommendations from librarian survey Merge duplicates Make it easier to make corrections to records (fix typos; do upgrades) More emphasis on accuracy/currency of library holdings Enrichment—TOCs, summaries, cover art—work with content suppliers, use APIs, etc. More communication about what users say they want

25. What Does It Mean For Aligning What Technical Services Does with What Users Want? By: David Wulff http://www.flickr.com/photos/dwulff/5357629/ http://www.flickr.com/photos/dwulff/5357629/

26. Matching Up What Technical Services Does to What End Users Want “A persistent shortcoming in the decision-making process that needs to be addressed is the lack of serious research into user needs and benefits, and the actual impact on users of database quality decisions.”—Janet Swan Hill Hill, Janet Swan, “Is it worth it? Management decisions related to database quality,” Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 46 (1) (2008): 5–26.

27. with thanks to Andrew K. Pace OCLC Web-scale Management Services

28. “A first step…”

29. Web scale The Web is all about scale, finding ways to attract the most users for centralized resources, spreading those costs over larger and larger audiences as the technology gets more and more capable. Chris Anderson

31. Resource sharing Cataloging Consortial Licensed journal literature

32. Resource sharing Cataloging Consortial Activity Licensed Magazine.& journal literature Libraries in a Web-scale landscape Digital Repository Unified Discovery Layer Library Management KnowledgeBase / ERM First-generation Library Web scale Next-generation Library Web scale

33. Web-scale value proposition On average, businesses spend 70% of their time building and maintaining and worrying about infrastructure, and 30% of their time focused on the ideas that propel their business forward. Web-scale computing is helping to invert the 70/30 ratio, enabling you to spend your energy creating the difference that will make your business successful. Amazon

34. Why OCLC and Web-scale Management Services? Growing dissatisfaction with the ability of disparate systems to deal with the changing nature of collections and newer library workflows Few alternatives on the market Most “new” solutions preserve legacy workflows and the network- free nature of stand-alone systems Few opportunities to reduce the Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) of running local systems OCLC remains uniquely positioned to create real change Leverage the power of the cooperative; starting with WorldCat Provide a Web-scale solution with enough functionality and newly integrated workflows to allow libraries to work at the network level  OCLC is obliged to create change in this area

35. OCLC Strategy Build Web scale for libraries Create a compelling user environment Make WorldCat Grid Services a valued part of library operations Increase OCLC’s global relevance and position of trust Create system-wide efficiencies in library management

36. Build Web scale for libraries Looking for efficiency in management workflows Libraries have added more systems to support online public access catalogs, ERM Acquisitions, digital asset management and access to licensed resources. Libraries have made significant investments in computer resources and infrastructure. Libraries have a fragmented presence on the Web, where they must compete with search engines and other information resources in meeting the information needs of people.

37. Evolving from local library systems A Web-scale strategy would provide libraries with computer hardware and software infrastructure on the Web, where they could use the workflow applications they need. Rather than buying, implementing and maintaining software themselves, libraries could use an application without having to worry about the technology that supports the application, freeing libraries to focus on running their organizations and serving their users.

38. Building Web-scale Management Services A truly “next-generation” of Library Management Services A scalable, Web-based platform for all basic library management functionality Reduced Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and increased efficiency through a unified management platform for all types of materials, regardless of format or method of acquisition A flexible and customizable workflow platform Network effects by sharing applications and data between libraries Concentrated data registries and repositories A Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) for interoperability with local environments and third-party business process systems (e.g., financial management, HR systems and course management)

39. Questions/comments about Web-scale management services Hectic Pace blog http://community.oclc.org/hecticpace/ OCLC Product Works http://www.oclc.org/productworks/ WorldCat Local “quick start” Web site http://www.oclc.org/worldcatlocal/quickstart Register for ongoing e-mail updates about WorldCat services https://www.oclc.org/email/subscribe.htm Additional information

40. Input to WorldCat Local

41. In place now: WorldCat Local listserve Quarterly user group meetings Usability testing Review of usage trends Review of feedback Possible in the future: WebJunction community?

42. The Expert Community Experiment

43. Expert Community Experiment Timeframe: mid-February 2009 through mid-August 2009 All OCLC Cataloging members with full level authorizations invited to participate — no applications. Guidelines, FAQ, and Recorded Webinar available at: http://www.oclc.org/us/en/worldcat/catalog/quality/expert/default.htm

44. Expert Community Experiment Allows member libraries with full-level Cataloging authos to make additions and changes to almost all fields in almost all records PCC records (both BIBCO and CONSER) are excluded LC records not coded as PCC are included CIP records (not coded as PCC) can be changed but the Encoding Level must remain ‘8’

45. Are people participating? Yes!

46. Expert Community Replace Transactions

47. Number of Institutions

48. All Replaces February (15-28) MarchAprilMayJune Expert Community 5,81618,01019,489 16,70419,387 Database Enrichment 7,82418,23519,250 15,95016,992 Minimal-Level Upgrade 6,04514,79114,568 13,17814,185 Enhance Regular 6,68115,05214,705 15,52115,212 Enhance National 1,6573,5833,323 2,9983,400 CONSER Authentication 6351,9291,547 1,1881,490 CONSER Maintenance 2,7416,1836,010 5,4105,785

49. Activity Compared to Last Year Mar-08Mar-09 Database Enrichment14,51218,235 Minimal-Level Upgrade9,26014,791 Enhance Regular13,44415,052 Enhance National3,0023,583 CONSER Authentication3,6341,929 CONSER Maintenance2,9156,183

50. What Have We Learned So Far? Member libraries are mostly behaving responsibly and are mostly making the kinds of changes that we hoped they would make. No one understands parallel records and the concept of “language of cataloging”! Lots of users didn’t know what they could already do. We’re seeing lots of cases of fixing a minimal-level record but not changing the Encoding Level value (so no credit is generated). Users are using the ASKQC@OCLC.ORG address to ask general cataloging questions.

51. What’s Next? More monitoring of user activity. Evaluation of the Experiment as a whole

52. The xISSN Service with thanks to Tim McCormick & Constance Malpas

53. The Problem Serials metadata change frequently AACR2 mandates description of successive entries Successive entries complicate end user discovery A collective cataloging burden A shared discovery problem

54. Maximizing the Value of Serials Metadata Est. 65,500 active scholarly serial publications in 2009 Est. 1.5% of titles change annually = 980 new records/yr Est. 2% annual growth in journal titles at ARL libraries = 470 new records/yr Collective effort has produced a vast data resource … is it delivering all the value it can?

55. Serials Metadata as a Network Resource 5.5M serial records in WorldCat database 47M library holdings Cooperative cataloging infrastructure maximizes value producing beneficial ‘network effects’ 700K ISSN in xISSN database 685K ISSN groups identified (title and format changes) Mapping ISSN relationships maximizes impact multiplying linkages for resource discovery and access

56. OCLC Grid Services OCLC is developing many Web Services... WorldCat Search API WorldCat Identities WorldCat Registry xISBN xISSN Let’s look more at xISSN as an example …

57. xISSN relates alternate editions of serials somewhat like xISBN work-grouping: Alternate formats: e.g. print/electronic Predecessor, successor relationships Title merges, splits also, returns serials metadata xISSNxISSN for Serials

58. Title History Viewer vs. Web Service Viewer displays: Title ISSN Relationship graph a human-ready interface Web service returns: Title, ISSN Publisher OCLC Number(s) Form (print/electronic) Summary Coverage Peer Review status a machine-ready interface Ad hoc use Systems integration

59. uses xISSN to build a complete title history, showing formats, name changes, etc. xISSNxISSN Title History Viewer

60. Title History Viewer vs. Web Service Viewer displays: Title ISSN Relationship graph a human-ready interface Web service returns: Title, ISSN Publisher OCLC Number(s) Form (print/electronic) Summary Coverage Peer Review status a machine-ready interface Ad hoc use Systems integration

61. xISSNxISSN xISSN Web Serevice

62. How Can I Get Started? xISSN Title History Viewer – available to everyone, no cost xISSN Web Service / API – requires an affiliate ID unlimited use free to cataloging members 100 requests/day free to anyone available to others for a fee

63. Where to Learn More xISSN Service http://xissn.worldcat.org/xissnadmin/index.htm Email Discussion List “XIDENTIFIER-L” http://listserv.oclc.org/scripts/wa.exe?A0=XIDENTIFIER-L WorldCat Developers’ Network Blog http://www.worldcat.org/devnet/blog/

64. Thank you! Glenn Patton pattong@oclc.org Questions? Comments?