1. AUDIO VIDEO SYSTEMS Prepared By :- KISHAN DOSHI (130950111002) PARAS BHRAMBHATT (140950111001) VAIBHAV SINGH THAKURALE (130950111013)

2. NEED FOR VIDEO COMPRESSION

4. TECHNIQUES TO ACHIEVE VIDEO COMPRESSION 1.MPEG-1 2.MPEG-2 3.MPEG-3 4.MPEG-4

5. MPEG-1 First used in 1993. The first MPEG compression standard for audio and video. It is commonly limited to about 1.5 Mbit/s although the specification is capable of much higher bit rates. It was basically designed to allow moving pictures and sound to be encoded into the bitrate of a Compact Disc.

6. APPLICATION OF MPEG-1 It is used on Video CD and can be used for low-quality video on DVD Video. It was used in digital satellite/cable TV services before MPEG-2 became widespread.

7. MPEG-2 Discovered and used in 1995. Transport, video and audio standards for broadcasting quality television. Supports interlacing scanning and high definition(HD).

8. APPLICATION OF MPEG-2 Digital satellite TV services like Dish Network, digital cable television signals, SVCD and DVD Video. It is also used on Blu-ray Discs.

9. MPEG-3 MPEG-3 dealt with standardizing scalable and multi-resolution compression and was intended for HDTV compression but was found to be redundant and was merged with MPEG-2; as a result there is no MPEG-3 standard. MPEG-3 is not to be confused with MP3, which is MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 Audio Layer III.

10. MPEG-4 Make use of Coding tools with additional complexity to achieve higher compression factors than MPEG-2. In addition to more efficient coding of video, MPEG-4 moves closer to computer graphics applications like in computer games and in animated movies.

11. HOW A T.V LOOKS LIKE

12. WHAT IS “projection televisons ”  A projection television uses a projector to create a small image or video from a video signal and magnify this image onto a viewable screen. A projection television uses a projector to create a small image or video from a video signal and magnify this image onto a viewable screen. 1.FRONT VIEW PROJECTOR 2. REAR VIEW PROJECTOR

13. TYPES OF PROJECTION TELEVISION CRT projector : Small Cathode ray tubes creates the image in the same manner that a traditional CRT television does, which is by firing a beam of electrons onto a phosphor- coated screen and then the image is projected to a large screen. This is done to overcome the limit of size of cathode ray tube which is about 40 inches. Normally 3 CRTs are used, one red, one green and one blue, aligned so the colors mix correctly on the projected image. CRT projector

14. TYPES OF PROJECTION TELEVISION LCD projector: A lamp transmits light through a small LCD chip made up of individual pixels to create an image. The LCD projector uses mirrors to take the light and create three separate red, green, and blue beams, which are then passed through three separate LCD panels. The liquid crystals are manipulated using electric current to control the amount of light passing through. The lens system takes the three color beams and projects the image. LCD projector

15. WHAT IS 3-D T.V

17. WHAT IS 3-D T.V ? 3D television (3DTV) is television that conveys depth perception to the viewer by employing techniques such as stereoscopic display, multi-view display, 2D- plus-depth, or any other form of 3D display.

18. DEPTH PERCEPTION Depth perception is the visual ability to perceive the world in three dimensions (3D) and the distance of an object.

19. DEPTH PRECEPTION BINOCULAR CUES MONOCULAR CUES

20. Stereoscopy Stereoscopy (also called stereoscopics) is a technique for creating or enhancing the illusion of depth in an image by means of stereopsis for binocular vision.

21. The brain makes use of a number of cues to determine relative distances and depth in a perceived scene, including: 1.Stereopsis 2.Accommodation of the eye 3.Overlapping of one object by another 4.Subtended visual angle of an object of known size 5.Linear perspective (convergence of parallel edges) 6.Vertical position (objects higher in the scene generally tend to be perceived as further away) 7.Haze, desaturation, and a shift to bluishness 8.Change in size of textured pattern detail

23. Comparison between SDTV, HDTV & EDTV SDTV -- which basically is the same as analog television, but transmitted digitally so that there is no signal loss regardless of distance -- is offered in 480i. EDTV is offered in 480p. HDTV is offered in 720p, 1080i, and 1080p. There are differences in aspect ratios (4:3 or 16:9) -- the ratio between the width and height of the display -- as well.

24. Comparison between SDTV, HDTV & EDTV SDTV EDTV HDTV Width/ Scan 480i480p 720p1080i1080p Resolution 640x480 720x4801280x7201920x1080 Ratio 4:3 16:9

25. WHAT FUTURE HOLDS FOR T.V ?