1. 25 January 2016 SUMMARY WRITING Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna

2. Definition Types 2 Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering a comprehensive and usually brief abstract, recapitulation, or compendium of previously stated facts or statements.SUMMARY

3. SUMMARY FEATURES 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering The summary presents in a condensed form the basic issues of a longer text (source). The summary provides the main points, for example, of an article or a section from a book. Syntax in a summary is complex: complete sentences; the text should be coherent, understandable and clear.

4. SUMMARY FEATURES 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering A summary highlights only the important issues of the text, without personal judgment of the topic. A summary is absolutely objective.

5. SUMMARY Steps in writing a summary Read through the whole piece carefully. Identify the author’s purpose; keep it Highlight the main point as you read. Make notes of your own on these points Begin your summary with a statement of the main idea. Write a sentence or two summarizing each section of thought. 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

6. SUMMARY Steps in writing a summary Write a first draft of your summary, including the following items: a) In the first sentence:1 the author’s name; 2 the article’s name; 3 the author’s thesis statement. b) Next, your summary sentences for each paragraph or section. Put them in the order that the author presents the essay. 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

7. SUMMARY Steps in writing a summary You should make every effort to put the author’s ideas into your own words to avoid plagiarism. You may occasionally quote a point directly from the author. In this case, be sure to place quotation marks and cite your page number. Link your section summary sentences together with good transitional words and phrases. Your summary should be about one third of the length of the original. Paraphrase the ideas as much as possible Avoid quotations 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

8. SUMMARY REMEMBER! Reduce the information significantly! Remain the purpose! Avoid expressing your own opinion! Use your own words and develop your own sentences! Paraphrase the ideas of the original text! 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

9. SUMMARY Linking phrases and ideas for logical organization Definition of the purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between... The purpose of this paper is to present, to discuss, to describe, to show, to develop, to give the main idea..... The purpose of the given paper /thesis/degree work is to compare The aim of this paper is to provide an overview of..... The article puts forward the ideas to determine.... The chief /general/key/main/ultimate aim/purpose/goal of this paper/article is to provide an overview of/ to discuss/ to describe/ to show/to develop the idea /to formulate... 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

10. SUMMARY Linking phrases and ideas for logical organization Issues discussed in the paper The article discusses some problems relating to... The article deals with some problems; issues concerning... The article presents the basic theory... The article presents some crucial/urgent issues relating to... The article provides information on... The paper is devoted to.... The main idea covered in the article/paper is... The paper/ the article/ the text points out that … 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

11. SUMMARY Linking phrases and ideas for logical organization Dividing into parts The article/paper consists of...parts. The article/paper is made up of... parts. The article/paper is divided /can be divided... parts. The article/paper contains.... parts. The article/paper includes...parts. 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

12. SUMMARY Linking phrases and ideas for logical organization Beginning The first paragraph /para/ part deals with... The first paragraph /para/ part is concerned with... The first paragraph/para/ part describes... At first/at the beginning the author points out that... At first/at the beginning the author emphasizes..... The major task of the first paragraph/para/part is to present/to show/to review/to consider.... 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

13. SUMMARY Linking phrases and ideas for logical organization Next parts Then follows discussion on... In the next part (section), the author takes ( we will take) a closer look at (e.g. the various ways in which writing can be conceptualized) In the (second/the third) section, the author turns to a consideration of... The next /the second/the third paragraph/para/part deals with... The next /the second/the third paragraph/para/part presents information about... The next /the second/the third paragraph/para/part is concerned with... The next /the second/the third paragraph/para/part describes... 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

14. SUMMARY Linking phrases and ideas for logical organization Next parts The next /the second/the third paragraph/para/part is devoted to... The next section discusses the aspects of.... in more detail. The third (fourth, fifth ) section looks at.... The author reviews.... The author analyses how.... Then / after that the author calls attention to (the fact that )... Then the author goes on to the issue/problem of... After that the author turns to.... 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

15. SUMMARY Linking phrases and ideas for logical organization Conclusion To sum up... To summarise... The author concludes that.... It has been shown that...... Based on the information in the article, it is considered that... Summarizing the main points of the article the following specific conclusions are drawn... Evaluating the situation (the facts) discussed in the article/paper the following conclusion can be drawn... Upon the analysis made.. Upon further analysis, we concluded thato.... 3 Sokolova Elvira Yakovlevna Department of Foreign Languages, Institute of Power Engineering

16. THANK YOU FOR ATTENTION