1. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago The Roadmap to Reduce Disparities Marshall H. Chin, MD, MPH RWJF Reducing Health Care Disparities Through Payment and Delivery System Reform University of Chicago

2. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Disclosures / Funding  AHRQ T32 HS00084, K12 HS023007, U18 HS023050  The Commonwealth Fund  HRSA  John A. Hartford Foundation  Merck Foundation  NIDDK K24 DK071933, P30 DK092949  Robert Wood Johnson Foundation  National Quality Forum committees  President, Society of General Internal Medicine  CMS Innovation Center – technical assistance

3. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago The Roadmap to Reduce Disparities 1) Recognize disparities and commit 2) Implement QI 3) Make equity an integral part of quality 4) Design interventions 5) Implement and adjust interventions 6) Sustain interventions Chin MH et al. JGIM 2012; 27:992-1000

4. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Conceptual Model Provider Patient Financing / Regulation / Accreditation Health Care Organization Person Community Process Outcomes Access Chin MH et al. Med Care Res Rev 2007 Chin MH & Goldmann D. JAMA 2011

5. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Design Interventions  Evidence-based strategies –Multifactorial attacking different levers –Culturally tailored QI –Team-based care –Families and non-health partners –Patient navigators –Interactive skills training

6. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago The Roadmap to Reduce Disparities 1) Recognize disparities and commit 2) Implement QI 3) Make equity an integral part of quality 4) Design interventions 5) Implement and adjust interventions 6) Sustain interventions Chin MH et al. JGIM 2012; 27:992-1000

7. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Behavior Change Theory  Beliefs and knowledge –Why innovations are good  Social norms –It’s the culture  Environmental factors –Incentives  Self-efficacy –Coaching

8. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Motivation  Intrinsic –Professionalism –Do the right thing  Extrinsic –Financial –Other rewards

9. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago The Roadmap to Reduce Disparities 1) Recognize disparities and commit 2) Implement QI 3) Make equity an integral part of quality 4) Design interventions 5) Implement and adjust interventions 6) Sustain interventions Chin MH et al. JGIM 2012; 27:992-1000

10. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Payors: Align the Financial Incentives  Require public reporting of stratified disparities data  Strengthen incentives for prevention and primary care –Global payment / shared savings –Update MD RVU payment schedule – cognitive –Encourage intersectoral partnerships  Pay for reducing disparities –Include equity accountability measures in payment programs Chin MH. JGIM. In press.

11. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Align the Financial Incentives 2  Align equity measures across public & private payors  Take care of safety net providers –Adequate payment –Calibrate DSH reductions to insurance expansion –Support for quality improvement –Risk adjustment to create level playing field  Conduct payment and delivery demo projects  Have explicit equity lens - payment and QI

12. Finding Answers: Disparities Research for Change A National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation at the University of Chicago Leadership Matters “Leadership matters. It is our professional responsibility as clinicians, administrators, and policymakers to improve the way we deliver care to diverse patients. We can do better.” Chin MH. NEJM 2014; 317:2331-2.