1. Chapter 7- Speaking to inform Telling it how it is

2. The process 1. Choose and narrow your topic. 2. Write down a specific purpose. A. This is your secondary informative purpose (i.e. describe, define, classify, etc.)

3. The process 3. Decide on your organizational pattern. Chronological pattern- speak in terms of how events, terms as how they occur in time. Spatial pattern- speak in terms of where things occur in a physical space. Topical- develop through explanation of subtopics

4. The Process 3. Decide on your organizational pattern. Topical pattern-present information in terms of subdivisions, including the significant information associated with each. You may also use the problem- solution pattern or the cause effect pattern.

5. Develop main ideas Use- Definitions Examples Comparison or contrast Anecdotes and other narratives Testimony by authorities Statistics

6. Practice- On a separate sheet- leave a few lines between each one Examine the topics below and identify the best pattern of organization. 1. The plot of a movie 2. Labor unions 3. The 9-11 memorial 4. Noise pollution

7. Practice- on same sheet Examine the same topics and decide on the best form of support Definitions Examples Comparison or contrast Anecdotes and other narratives Testimony by authorities Statistics

8. Preparing and Using Notes Having entire manuscripts may be difficult to manage Use the following technique: 3X5 note cards Each has a main point Under the main point key words or phrases to guide you

9. 3X5 Note Card Guidelines 1. Write large enough so that notes can be seen from a distance. 2. Write on only one side of the cards. 3. Limit the total number of cards. 4. Color code notes 5. Include specific quotes on the card. 6. Number your cards so as keep ideas in order.

10. Manuscript Guidelines Type or print on only ONE side of the paper. Use both capital and lower case letters. Double or triple space. Number the pages On podium if possible Only handle pages to turn (if bound), shuffle, or shift.

11. Manuscript Guidelines- 2 Maintain eye contact with audience. Look at them as often as possible without losing your place. Watch rate, pauses, diction, enunciation, and pronunciation!!!

12. Visual Aids Need to be legible from all areas of the room. Needs to supplement the presentation- not BE the presentation. Need to be as complete as possible to get the ideas across that need to be explained.

13. Visual Aids- 2 V.A. must be relevant!! Neat and attractive- make it appealing. Indicate on notecards (script) where to use V.A.

14. Visual Aids- 3 Stand so as NOT to block the V.A. from the audience. Look and reference V.A. only briefly, each time. Be careful that the V.A. is not disturbing to audience.

15. Visual Aid Limits There is no limit to the number of visual aids (slides/ poster boards)as long as they serves to augment the speech. Video or Audio clips should not be longer than 20% of the total time of the presentation (a 7 minute speech should have a maximum 84 seconds of audio/video).

16. Visual aid tutorial http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La5 TaIboMgI http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=La5 TaIboMgI

17. Visual Aid Activity In small groups of 3 or 4, create a visual aid that explains the process of how to write a speech. You may use any pictures, graphics, or organization you wish. Use all information that we have covered from any chapter so far.

18. Speeches and Questions Provide only the facts that you know. Don’t make it up on the spot! DO NOT be afraid to say “I don’t know.” Ask people to restate or clarify their questions if you do not hear or understand the question.

19. Analyzing a Speech To analyze means to, “to look at critically; to separate into parts or basic principles as to determine the nature of the part to the whole.” Break it down- see how it works. Use established theories to guide your analysis To be discussed later.