1. What do all these images have in common?

2. Settlement An Introduction Location, location, location

3. Aims:  To understand the decisions behind the site and situation of early settlements

4. The largest single step in the ascent of man is the change from nomad to village agriculture J. Bronowski, The Ascent of Man, 1973

5. What is a settlement? A settlement is a place where people live.

9. It is sometimes difficult to say if a place is a settlement. They can be temporary where people move from place to place or permanent when people stay in one place.

10. Key words:  SITE: the ground on which the settlement stands, described in terms of its physical characteristics.  SITUATION: the location of the settlement relative to its surroundings, described in relation to other settlements, rivers, transport lines etc.

11. What makes a good site to situate a settlement? The ideal site ….

12. P188 Geog Foundations (blue) – Check your ideas  Highland areas for a defensive site/sparser vegetation more easily cleared.  Dry sites to prevent flooding  Lowland valleys as they are sheltered, with good soils and a water supply.  Near rivers for a water supply.  River crossings e.g. a ford and river estuaries for trade purposes.

13. Where is the best site for your settlement? 12 3

14. Warrior Village must be easy to defend with a good view so enemies cannot take us by surprise Builder Need a site that is dry and flat. Should be a good source of timber nearby for building Water carrier Need to be close to fresh water and also near a supply of clay to make pots Shepherd Need land with short grass suitable for sheep. Land has to be dry most of the time so that the sheep don’t get foot rot from standing on damp ground Cattle herders Need moist land so that the grass is rich and makes good pasture for the cows. Slopes should not be steep because the cows cannot climb slopes. Farmers Need flat and fertile land for growing wheat to make bread. Need to be near a water supply in case there is dry Summer and the crops have to be watered.

15. Why were the following sites chosen to locate a settlement?

23.  Using the information we have learnt about the site of a settlement annotate this image to explain why this site was chose for the settlement of Durham (5)