1. What is this type of drawing called? Perspective Drawing Linear Perspective: is a system for drawing 3-D space on a 2-D surface by following the rule that all parallel and receding lines converge to vanishing points, and that objects appear smaller as they recede in space.

2. The entire theory of perspective can be developed from a single fact: that the apparent size of an object decreases with increasing distance from the eye. This is the phenomenon that makes railroad tracks converge into the distance.

3. The Middle Ages Before the Renaissance, artists relied on Atmospheric Perspective or size, placement, and overlapping to distinguish between and determine the importance of areas and objects in their work. Works emphasized symbolism and religion rather than realism. * What parts of this painting look most realistic to you? * What parts look least lifelike? * Which objects or people seem closest and most distant in the painting? *What clues does the artist give that one object is further away than another?

4. The Renaissance Why did pictures change from those without perspective to those that had perspective? For one thing, Brunelleschi happened! Filippo Di Ser Brunellescohi(1377-1446), sculptor, architect, and artisan-engineer, is given credit for the invention of linear perspective. Here he is looking up at the famous dome he built for El Duomo (1418- 1436) in Florence. During the Renaissance, European artists began to study the model of nature more closely and to paint with the goal of greater realism. They learned to create lifelike people and animals, and they became skilled at creating the illusion of depth and distance on flat walls and canvases by using the techniques of linear perspective.

5. He developed the idea of Orthogonal lines !!

6. Leonardo da Vinci trained as a painter during the Renaissance and became a true master of the craft. His amazing powers of observation and skill as an illustrator enabled him to notice and recreate the effects he saw in nature, and added a special liveliness to his portraits. Curious as well as observant, he constantly tried to explain what he saw, and described many experiments to test his ideas. Because he wrote down and sketched so many of his observations in his notebooks, we know that he was among the very first to take a scientific approach towards understanding how our world works and how we see it.

7. The Picture Plane: the imaginary transparent plane that lies between the viewer and the subject. Line of Sight: An imaginary line traveling from the eye of the spectator to infinity.

8. Ground Plane or Ground Line: The bottom of the picture plane.

9. Lesson Objective To be able to draw objects in one and two point perspective A perspective drawing tries to show what something actually looks like. Smaller in the distance Larger close up

10. What is this point called? A clue: the initials are VP Vanishing point - this is where all lines appear to meet The line where the vanishing point sits is called the Horizon Line or Eye Level Line. It represents the eye level of the viewer and is determined by the height of the viewer. The line where the vanishing point sits is called the Horizon Line or Eye Level Line. It represents the eye level of the viewer and is determined by the height of the viewer. One - point perspective only uses one vanishing point. Lesson Objective To be able to draw objects in one and two point perspective The imaginary and lightly drawn guidelines in perspective drawing are called orthogonal lines. They are usually parallel lines that converge on the horizon line at the vanishing point.

11. Sighting: an angle measuring technique in which the holds out a pencil at arm’s length toward the object being examined to make comparisons.

12. Lesson Objective To be able to draw basic shapes in one and two point perspective TASK: Draw a cross in one-point perspective EXTENSION: Draw a letter in one or two- point perspective then add tonal shading to it. EXTENSION: Draw a letter in one or two- point perspective then add tonal shading to it.

13. 1 Point Perspective Project : Your Name Create your name using 1- Point Perspective -Start with your horizon line and vanishing point. -Use orthogonal lines. - Add a bit of yourself to your drawing - Add color and texture

14. Lesson Objective To be able to draw objects in two point perspective Two-point perspective shows objects edge-on. It uses two vanishing points NOT one! WHY USE IT? It gives a more realistic view of an object or product. WHY USE IT? It gives a more realistic view of an object or product.

15. TASK: Draw a cube in two-point perspective. Lesson Objective To be able to draw objects in two point perspective 1. Draw a line across the middle of your page - this will be your horizon 2. Draw in two vanishing points 3. Draw one side of your cube - using projection lines to one vanishing point 4. Draw in the other side - once again using projection lines 5. Draw two projection lines to the vanishings point for the base - draw in the outlines 6. Add thick and thin lines and rub out your unwanted construction lines. Explore what happens when you place your cube above, below and on the horizon line!

16. Vanishing point (one-point perspective) The point or points at which all lines in a perspective drawing meet Vanishing points (two-point perspective) The point or points at which all lines in a perspective drawing meet Horizon line The line on which most vanishing points sit (usually where the sky meets the land) Construction lines Faint lines that aid the construction of your drawings. Usually rubbed out at the end.

17. 3 Point Perspective Bird’s Eye View Looking Down Ant’s Eye View Looking Up

18. Thick and Thin lines An enhancement technique used to improve drawings. Thick lines add shadow. Tonal Shading An enhancement technique used to improve drawings. When you add shades of white to black to differentiate between surfaces. This helps make the three dimensional illusion easier to see. Texture An enhancement technique that simulates the way an object feels to the touch or looks as it may feel if it were touched.

19. Lesson Objective To be able to draw a city in two-point or three-point perspective TASK 1.Using the handout as a guide create a 2 point perspective fantasy city scape. ( It must have man made structures such as houses and skyscrapers. 2. Add details to your work, such as trees, windows and pathways. 3. Add rendering and enhancement techniques such as textures and tonal shading to improve your work. TASK 1.Using the handout as a guide create a 2 point perspective fantasy city scape. ( It must have man made structures such as houses and skyscrapers. 2. Add details to your work, such as trees, windows and pathways. 3. Add rendering and enhancement techniques such as textures and tonal shading to improve your work.