1. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Module 01 Introduction to Linux

2. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Exam Objective 1.1 Linux Evolution and Popular Operating Systems Objective Summary – Learn the history of Linux and Unix – Understand the parts of a Linux system – Start learning about Open Source – Find out where Linux runs

3. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Evolution of Linux

4. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. What is Linux? Linux is the kernel – the central controller Add some tools to get an operating system – Shells (enter commands into the system) – Systems management (add users) – Applications (email, web, development) Package it up into a Linux distribution

5. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Linux History Invented as a hobby project in 1991 by Linus Torvalds while at the University of Helsinki in Finland People began contributing to make it work on their hardware The GNU project provided a base set of tools

6. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. What is UNIX? Started in the 1970’s at Bell Labs, adopted by universities UNIX is now a trademark of the Open Group An OS must be certified to be called UNIX Linux is not certified so it is UNIX-like

7. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. What is Linux’s job? The kernel manages application processes Allocates and reclaims memory Arbitrates access to disk and CPU Abstracts hardware specific functions so applications are hardware-agnostic Provides security and isolation of users Switches between multiple processes (preemptive multitasking)

8. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Open Source Humans write software in source code Compilers translate source to machine code If you have the source, you can make changes and see how it works Open Source means you can inspect and change the source

9. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Linux Distributions Kernel + tools + installation + package management = distribution Red Hat RHEL – Fedora, CentOS, Scientific Linux Debian – Ubuntu, many appliance based distributions

10. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Linux runs on… Big Iron (e.g. IBM Power Systems) Enterprise servers (Dell, HP, IBM, etc) Desktops Laptops Single board (Raspberry Pi) Custom hardware (TiVo) Embedded devices/Phones (Android)

11. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Exam Objective 4.1 Choosing an Operating System Objective Summary – Understanding distribution life cycle management – Examine operating system differences

12. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Distribution Life Cycle Management

13. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Decision Points What will the computer do? What software does it need to run? Does it need specific hardware or OS? Who has to take care of it? How long does it need to live for?

14. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Release Cycles Software and OS upgrades come on a release cycle Updates can be major or minor Examples – A new version of Fedora is released every 6 months – Minor releases of RHEL come out every 12-18mo – Major releases of RHEL come out every 3-6 years

15. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Maintenance Cycles Software generally goes through phases – Actively developed – Bugfixes only – Security fixes only – No updates This is the maintenance cycle A short maintenance cycle means more frequent upgrades are required

16. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Pros and Cons of cycles Faster releases means that newer software will be available faster Also means you might have to upgrade faster to stay current or will get less stable software Longer maintenance cycle means you will be supported at current software levels longer, needing less frequent upgrades Longer maintenance cycles often require paid support packages.

17. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Software Terms New features are introduced in beta versions Beta is less tested and therefore stable After the beta period, software is promoted to stable. If you need newer features you will often be looking at beta software Backward compatibility means it still works with older versions

18. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Comparing Operating Systems

19. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Windows Split into desktop and server versions Slow release cycle, long maintenance cycle Emphasis on backward compatibility Runs a GUI Improving scripting and management abilities to compete with Linux

20. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Apple OS X Runs on Apple hardware Server version adds packages to the desktop version to aid in management and sharing UNIX certified New major releases every 18-24 months

21. This slide deck is for LPI Academy instructors to use for lectures for LPI Academy courses. ©Copyright Network Development Group 2013. Linux Unique in that after choosing Linux you must choose a distribution Different distributions focus on different use cases, e.g. desktop, server, scientific, network Some distributions offer commercial support, most is volunteer based