1. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Chapter 28: Disseminating Evidence: Reporting Research Findings

2. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: In developing a dissemination plan, researchers select a communication outlet.

3. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer True In developing a dissemination plan, researchers select a communication outlet, identify the audience whom they wish to reach, and decide on the content that can be effectively communicated.

4. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Dissemination of Research Findings—Getting Started Select a communication outlet Know the audience Develop a plan (decide authorship order, decide content, prepare an outline, assemble materials) Develop effective writing skills

5. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Developing a Plan Deciding on authorship Deciding on content Assembling materials

6. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Quantitative Research Reports Typically Follow the IMRAD Format I = Introduction M = Method R = Results A = And D = Discussion

7. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: The method section acquaints readers with the research problem.

8. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False The introduction acquaints readers with the research problem. The method section describes what researchers did to solve the research problem.

9. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Introduction Summarize existing literature Describe research problem Present conceptual framework State research questions or hypotheses

10. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Question Tell whether the following statement is true or false: Standards for reporting methodologic elements are decreasingly being used.

11. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Answer False Standards for reporting methodologic elements are increasingly used.

12. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Method Section Describe research design Explain intervention (if any) Describe sample and setting Present data collection instruments Explain procedures Describe data analysis methods

13. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Reporting Methods CONSORT: randomized controlled trials STROBE: observational studies TREND: non randomized evaluations of interventions

14. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Results Section Findings from the analyses are summarized Intertwine description and interpretation

15. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Discussion Section Interpretation of results Findings relate to earlier research Study limitations Implications of the findings Future research

16. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Discussion Section How do results compare with prior knowledge on the topic? What can be concluded about use of the findings in nursing practice, nursing education, and future nursing research?

17. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Major Types of Reports Theses and dissertations Journal articles Online publications Presentations at professional meetings

18. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Research Reports Often follow, roughly, the IMRAD format Are more loosely structured, offering more room for creativity

19. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Journal Articles Goals and audience Prestige and acceptance rates How often it publishes Impact factor: ration between citations to a journal and recent citable items published Manuscript –Review journal’s instructions to authors

20. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Nursing Journals Refereed Journals Peer review usually blind reviews ejournals

21. Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Presentations Professional conference presentation Poster session Call for abstracts: 6–9 months before it is held