1. Establishing Ground by Josh Aguilar and Tyler Haulotte

2. Overview CASES! Your position on the topic. This helps determine what is an aff argument, what is a neg argument. This is all debatable! Resolved: Immigration ought to be recognized as a human right.

3. What is ground? Colloquial expression. Division between the two sides. Affirmative, negative, and irrelevant. Resolved: Immigration ought to be recognized as a human right.

4. Dividing Ground The resolution is the way in which you determine ground. “I affirm the resolution…” Condition for the truth of the statement. Resolved: Immigration ought to be recognized as a human right.

5. Actors Have implications for implementation. Passive phrasing of the resolution. U.N.? U.S.? “the State”? People in general? A personal obligation? Resolved: Immigration ought to be recognized as a human right.

6. Statehood What is the state? What are NGOs (Non- governmental organizations)? How are their obligations different? Are there limitations of statehood (sovereignty)? Stateless people? (Mulay Story)

7. Rights, Recognition Does a recognition of rights entail a change in policy option? Can a change in policy occur without an explicit recognition? Are rights frameworks even really consistent with legal and political notions of recognition? What is recognition?

8. Evaluative Term Resolved: McDonalds is tastier than Burger King. Here, issues of speed may be irrelevant. What is the negative burden here? Resolved: Immigration ought to be recognized as a human right.

9. “Ought” Ought is a word which comes up often and there are various different ways of interpreting it. Desirability/Moral Obligation/Logical Consequence. Resolved: Immigration ought to be recognized as a human right.

10. Implementation “Solvency.” Resolution as an abstract idea vs. concrete embodiment. Truth testing vs. comparative worlds. Rests on actor debate. Resolved: Immigration ought to be recognized as a human right.

11. Either way, The debate is not just immigration being “good” or “bad.” Even if immigration is good, perhaps it ought not be recognized by the U.N. or states for whatever reason.

12. Group Activity Use the camp articles to come up with three affirmative or negative arguments 1 - Implementation? What does it mean to recognize? 2 - Definition of ought? 3 - What is the affirmative burden? The negative burden?

13. Group Activity Example States ought to recognize immigration as a human right to increase competitiveness 1 - Concrete 2 - Desirability 3 - Affirmative burden = Prove immigration is desirable. Negative Burden = Prove immigraton undesirable.