1. POETRY  A type of literature that expresses ideas, feelings, or tells a story in a specific form (usually using lines and stanzas)

2. POINT OF VIEW IN POETRY POET  The poet is the author of the poem. SPEAKER  The speaker of the poem is the “ narrator ” of the poem.

3. POETRY FORM  FORM - the appearance of the words on the page  LINE - a group of words together on one line of the poem  STANZA - a group of lines arranged together  A word is dead  When it is said,  Some say.  I say it just  Begins to live  That day.

4. KINDS OF STANZAS Couplet=a two line stanza Triplet (Tercet)=a three line stanza Quatrain=a four line stanza Quintet=a five line stanza Sestet (Sextet)=a six line stanza Septet=a seven line stanza Octave=an eight line stanza

5. POETIC DEVICES Poetic devices fit into the category of figurative language. They can DEFINITELY be used in more than JUST poetry.

6. Imagery  Using descriptive language (five senses) to help paint a picture in the reader ’ s mind.  Using Imagery is very similar to using “ Show, Don ’ t tell ” in writing. Instead of saying, “ It was Halloween ” or “ The sunset was pretty ”, we can describe the scene using imagery.  Examples: –Giggling and yelling, straw-filled scarecrows, pretty princesses, mean monsters, and other creatures paraded down the street with extended candy bags to welcoming porch lights in search of the best sweets. –The girls gazed at the beautiful hues of fiery orange, lemon yellow, prom dress pink, and a splash of grape purple in the sunset over the horizon.

7. Rhythm Rhythm is the beat of the poem when reading its words and syllables.

8. Rhyme  Words or phrases that end or sound like they end the same.  Examples: –Mop up that slop!! –There goes the rabbit, Grab it!! –Twinkle, twinkle little star, How I wonder what you are. –Do not Hop on Pop!

9. Alliteration  In a line, more than one word begins with the same consonant sound.  Example: –Busy Buzzing Bees –Witches fly west in the winter. –The savory smell of seasoned steak on the grill made my mouth salivate.

10. Onomatopoeia  Words that sound like noises  Examples: Boom!Crash! Quack! Moo! Shhh! Crackle!

11. Repetition  When words, phrases, or entire lines of a poem are repeated.  Usually words are repeated to help make a point or create a mood.  Examples: –Repeating one word (sometimes at the end of a line) –Repeating a line (usually the last line of a stanza)

12. CONSONANCE  Similar to alliteration EXCEPT...  The repeated consonant sounds can be anywhere in the words  “ silken, sad, uncertain, rustling.. “

13. ASSONANCE  Repeated VOWEL sounds in a line or lines of poetry.  (Often creates near rhyme.)  LakeFateBaseFade  (All share the long “ a ” sound.)

14. ASSONANCE cont. Examples of ASSONANCE: “ Slow the low gradual moan came in the snowing. ” - John Masefield “ Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep. ” - William Shakespeare

15. REFRAIN  A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem.  “ Quoth the raven, ‘ Nevermore. ’”

16. Allusion  Allusion comes from the verb “ allude ” which means “ to refer to ”  An allusion is a reference to something famous. A tunnel walled and overlaid With dazzling crystal: we had read Of rare Aladdin ’ s wondrous cave, And to our own his name we gave. From “ Snowbound ” John Greenleaf Whittier

17. SYMBOLISM  When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else. = Innocence = America = Peace

18. Internal Rhyme A word within one line rhymes with a word in the same line. Ah, distinctly I remember it was in the bleak December Mop up that slop!! There goes the rabbit, Grab it

19. End Rhyme A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line Hector the Collector Collected bits of string. Collected dolls with broken heads And rusty bells that would not ring.

20. Rhyme Scheme A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always). Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “ see ” the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)

21. What’s the Rhyme Scheme? The Germ by Ogden Nash A mighty creature is the germ, Though smaller than the pachyderm. His customary dwelling place Is deep within the human race. His childish pride he often pleases By giving people strange diseases. Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? You probably contain a germ.

22. The Rhyme Scheme Is… aabbccaaaabbccaa  The Germ by Ogden Nash  A mighty creature is the germ,  Though smaller than the pachyderm.  His customary dwelling place  Is deep within the human race.  His childish pride he often pleases  By giving people strange diseases.  Do you, my poppet, feel infirm?  You probably contain a germ.

23. What ’ s the Rhyme Scheme?  Who Has Seen the Wind?  By Christina Georgina Rossetti  Who has seen the wind?  Neither I nor you:  But when the leaves hand trembling,  The wind is passing through.

24. What ’ s the Rhyme Scheme?  Who Has Seen the Wind?  By Christina Georgina Rossetti  Who has seen the wind?  Neither I nor you:  But when the leaves hand trembling,  The wind is passing through. abcbabcb

25. What ’ s the Rhyme Scheme?  The Road Not Taken  By Robert Frost  Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,  And sorry I could not travel both  And be one traveler, long I stood  And looked down one as far as I could  To where it bent in the undergrowth;

26. The Rhyme Scheme Is… abaababaab abaababaab  The Road Not Taken  By Robert Frost  Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,  And sorry I could not travel both  And be one traveler, long I stood  And looked down one as far as I could  To where it bent in the undergrowth;

27. TYPES OF POETRY

28. FREE VERSE POETRY  Unlike metered poetry, free verse poetry does NOT have any repeating patterns of stressed and unstressed syllables.  Does NOT have rhyme.  Free verse poetry is very conversational - sounds like someone talking with you.  A more modern type of poetry.

29. LYRIC  A short poem  Usually written in first person point of view  Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene  Do not tell a story and are often musical  (Many of the poems we read will be lyrics.)

30. SHAKESPEAREAN SONNET A fourteen line poem with a specific rhyme scheme. The poem is written in three quatrains and ends with a couplet. The rhyme scheme is abab cdcd efef gg Shall I compare thee to a summer ’ s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate. Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer ’ s lease hath all too short a date. Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometimes declines, By chance or nature ’ s changing course untrimmed. But thy eternal summer shall not fade Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow ’ st; Nor shall Death brag thou wanderest in his shade, When in eternal lines to time thou grow ’ st So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

31. NARRATIVE POEMS  A poem that tells a story.  Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot. Examples of Narrative Poems “ The Raven ” “ The Highwayman ” “ Casey at the Bat ” “ The Walrus and the Carpenter ”

32. FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

33. Simile  A comparison of two things; uses the words “ like ” or “ as ”.  Examples: –My mind is like an open book. –He sprinted as fast as a cheetah to the finish line. –Buster barks like a broken alarm clock.

34. Metaphor  Compares one thing to another by stating that something IS something else.  Example: –White gleaming stars are diamonds in the midnight sky. –The snow is a white, fluffy blanket covering the field. –Sam is King Kong when he ’ s mad.

35. EXTENDED METAPHOR  A metaphor that goes several lines or possibly the entire length of a work.

36. IMPLIED METAPHOR  The comparison is hinted at but not clearly stated.  “ The poison sacs of the town began to manufacture venom, and the town swelled and puffed with the pressure of it. ” - from The Pearl - by John Steinbeck

37. Hyperbole  Using exaggeration to make a point.  Examples: –I ’ m so hungry I could eat a whole chicken! –It rained buckets during the game this morning. –Megan was so mad fume rose from her head.

38. Personification  Giving a nonhuman thing human characteristics.  Examples: –The bare branches grabbed me as I ran through the woods. –The collie seemed to smile as his owner rubbed his ears. –The popcorn jumped right out of the popping machine.

39. Idiom  An expression where the literal meaning of the words is not the meaning of the expression. It means something other than what it actually says. Examples:  It ’ s raining cats and dogs. (a very noisy rainstorm)  A chip on your shoulder. (being upset about something that happened in the past) http://www.idiomsite.com