1. Chapter 8

2. Section 1

3.  Taller buildings because of two factors: Invention of elevators Development of internal steel skeletons to bear the weight of buildings

4.  Designed the 10- story Wainwright Building in St. Louis  Skyscraper – “proud and soaring thing”  Steel framework supported both floors and walls.

6.  Landscape architect  Spearheaded movement for planned urban parks. Hoped would soothe the city’s inhabitants and let them enjoy a “natural” setting.

7.  1857 - drew up plans for what is now Central Park, in New York.  1870s – designed landscaping for Washington DC, St. Louis, Boston park system. Video

8.  Brothers  Bicycle manufactures in Dayton, Ohio  Experimented with new engines Four-cylinder internal combustion engine

9.  First successful flight on December 17, 1903, at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina  120 feet and lasted 12 seconds.  1905 – flights of 24 miles  1920 – first transcontinental airmail service Video http://www.history.com/videos/wright-brothers#wright-brothers-are-first-in-flight

10.  Developed flexible film, send to studio for processing.  Aimed his product at the masses, not just professional photographers

11.  1888 – Kodak camera $25 with 100-picture roll Send the camera to factory to develop the pictures for $10. Millions of amateur photographers Field of photojournalism Video

12. Section 2

13.  African American educator  Believed racism would end once blacks acquired useful labor skills and proved their value to society.  Graduated from Virginia’s Hampton Institute

14.  1881 – head of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute in Alabama Equip African Americans with teaching diplomas and useful skills in agricultural, domestic, or mechanical work. Video http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=203D5E85-656A-4DC8-82BD- C9114C68D430&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeH eader=YES&homeworkGuid=

15.  1895 - 1 st African American to receive a doctorate from Harvard  1905 - Founded Niagara Movement Insisted that blacks should seek a liberal arts education so that the African American community would have well-educated leader Video http://www.history.com/videos/web-dubois-and-the- niagara-movement#web-dubois-and-the-niagara- movement

16. Section 4

17.  Middle-Class Americans experience new leisure activities.  Used to escape mundane industrial work.

19. “I think [bicycling] has done more to emancipate women than anything else in the world… It gives women a feeling of freedom and self reliance” – Susan B. Anthony

22.  Newspapers  Fine Arts  Reading

23.  Use headlines to catch attention of readers  Joseph Pulitzer – Hungarian immigrant, bought New York World Sunday edition comics, sports coverage, women’s news  William Randolph Hearst – New York Morning Journal – exaggerated tales of personal scandal, cruelty, hypnotism, etc.

24.  One art gallery in every city  Thomas Eakins – portrayed life as it was, photography  Ashcan School – led by Robert Henry – painted urban life and working people, realism  Libraries

25.  Most preferred to read light fiction  Dime Novels – glorify adventure tales of the West  Some prefer a more realistic picture of American life Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain)

26.  Urban Shopping  Department Stores  The Chain Store  Advertising  Catalogs and Rural Free Delivery (RFD)

27. City Shopping Centers

28. Marshall Field – “Give the lady what she wants.” Pioneered the “Bargain Basement”

29.  F.W. Woolworth – offered cheap items and found consumers would buy it on the “spur of the moment” 596 Stores by 1911

30.  Advertising brought modern consumerism  Newspapers and Magazines

31.  Ward Catalog in 1872  Sears  By 1910 about 10 million Americans shopped by mail  U.S. Post Office boosted mail-order businesses – 1896 the Post Office introduced Rural Free Delivery – bringing packages to every home.

32. Section 4 http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/view/assetGuid/609 91DF8-E209-4944-9B70-7099D49BA522