1. Dawn of Mass Culture 19 th century amusements: Horse racing, card playing, theater, baseball, dancing, parties

2. Leisure Relief from city congestion & dull factories Relief from city congestion & dull factories Amusement parks Amusement parks Built on green spaces Built on green spaces Often built by trolley car companies Often built by trolley car companies Picnic grounds & rides Picnic grounds & rides Coney Island, NY Coney Island, NY 1894- Roller Coaster! 1894- Roller Coaster! World Columbian Expo- Chicago 1893 World Columbian Expo- Chicago 1893

3. More leisure Bicycling Bicycling Male only till 1885: Safety bicycle Male only till 1885: Safety bicycle Smaller wheels, air filled tires Smaller wheels, air filled tires Women discard corsets Women discard corsets Shirtwaists & split skirts, to ride Shirtwaists & split skirts, to ride Gave women a sense of freedom Gave women a sense of freedom Tennis Tennis First seen in Wales, 1873 First seen in Wales, 1873

4. New snacks: Potato Chips - 1853 Potato Chips - 1853 Chewing Gum - 1870 Chewing Gum - 1870 Coca Cola - 1886 Coca Cola - 1886 Designed by pharmacist to cure headaches Designed by pharmacist to cure headaches Cracker Jacks – 1893 Cracker Jacks – 1893 Hershey Bars - 1900 Hershey Bars - 1900 Ice Cream cone - 1904 Ice Cream cone - 1904 Popsicle - 1905 Popsicle - 1905

5. Sports Spectator Sports Spectator Sports Boxing Boxing Baseball Baseball Telegraphed transmissions of contests at hotel lobbies & barber shops Telegraphed transmissions of contests at hotel lobbies & barber shops Based on Rounders, English sport Based on Rounders, English sport By 1860s, many clubs across US By 1860s, many clubs across US National League 1876 National League 1876 American League 1900 American League 1900 1 st World Series: 1903 1 st World Series: 1903 Negro Leagues founded Negro Leagues founded

6. Spread of Mass Culture Art galleries, Libraries, books Art galleries, Libraries, books Motion Pictures Motion Pictures Newspapers Newspapers Pulitzer- NY World Pulitzer- NY World Hearst- NY Journal, SF Examiner Hearst- NY Journal, SF Examiner Competed for readership- exaggerated stories Competed for readership- exaggerated stories Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism Art Art Realism Realism Thomas Eakins Thomas Eakins Ashcan school Ashcan school Gritty urban life scenes Gritty urban life scenes Abstract (Europe) Abstract (Europe) Libraries spread (poor man’s university) Libraries spread (poor man’s university) Fiction Fiction Crime, Westerns Crime, Westerns Realism- Jack London, Stephen Crane- show lower classes Realism- Jack London, Stephen Crane- show lower classes Humor- Mark Twain Humor- Mark Twain

7. Shopping Malls (Arcades) Malls (Arcades) Cleveland, 1890 Cleveland, 1890 Jewelry, leather goods, stationery Jewelry, leather goods, stationery Bands play on Sundays Bands play on Sundays Department Stores Department Stores Marshall Field, Chicago Marshall Field, Chicago Geared to women shoppers Geared to women shoppers Bargain basement Bargain basement Chains Chains Woolworth’s Woolworth’s Five & Dime stores Five & Dime stores Advertising Advertising Mostly patent medicines Mostly patent medicines Soaps, baking powders Soaps, baking powders Newspapers, magazines, billboards, barns, rocks Newspapers, magazines, billboards, barns, rocks Catalogues & RFD Catalogues & RFD Montgomery Ward (1872) Sears (1886) Montgomery Ward (1872) Sears (1886) Rural Free Delivery- packages to your home! Rural Free Delivery- packages to your home!