1. English Pronunciation ELTDP Training Bau District 2 nd Session Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP

2. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4 Aspects of pronunciation  Syllable stress  Word Stress  Intonation  Phonemes / phonics

3. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 1. Syllable Stress  Syllable stress can affect the meaning of words :  record (verb)  export (verb)  import (verb)  protest (verb)  record (noun)  export (noun)  import (noun)  protest (noun)

4. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 1. Syllable Stress  Stress on syllables may be different with Malay and English pronunciation:  ba’na’na (“Malay English”)  ba’na’na (English)

5. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 2. Word Stress  “We had a lovely time at the beach”  Stress is on content words  These are usually nouns, verbs and adjectives  Other words, such as articles and pronouns are unstressed

6. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 2. Word Stress  Word stress can be taught quite simply using rhymes, songs and jazz chants

7. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP Three Blind Mice See how they run They all ran after the farmer’s wife Who cut off their tales with a carving knife Did you ever see such a thing in your life As three blind mice

8. 3. Intonation  E.g questions  Yes / No questions …  … tend to go up at the end:  “Is everybody happy?”

9. 3. Intonation  Wh questions …  “What’s your name?”  “Who is your teacher?”  “Where do you live?”  … tend to go down

10. 3. Intonation  E.g Lists  “I went to the shop and bought apples, mangos, bananas, sugar and rice”

11. 3. Intonation  Intonation is much more important in some languages, e.g. Mandarin, which are tonal languages.  “Lao se chow an”  What are the intonation patterns in other Malaysian languages?

12. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetics / Phonics  Malay is an almost perfectly phonetic language  Each letter usually means one sound  Each sound usually has one way of spelling it  “c” always makes the English sound “ch”  Malay has 18 consonant sound and 6 vowel sounds

13. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetics / Phonics  English is a phonetic language  English is not a phonetic language

14. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetics / Phonics  brought  although  tough  cough  plough  through

15. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetics / Phonics  English has 24 consonant sounds  English has 20 different vowel sounds  That makes 44 different sounds used in English speech  … and there are 120 different ways of spelling these 44 sounds!

16. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonics - the ‘f’ sound  ‘f’, as in ‘fish’  ‘ff’ as in ‘fluffy’  ‘ph’ as in ‘phone’, ‘Philip’, ‘dolphin’

17. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. The “er” sound  ‘er’ teacher,  ‘ar’ as in collar,  ‘or’ as in doctor  ‘ure’ as in measure,  ‘a’ as in zebra,  ‘e’ as in garden,  ‘i’ as in fossil,  ‘o’ as in lion  ‘u’ as in circus

18. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetic alphabet  To help us, we can use the international phonetic alphabet:

19. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetic alphabet

20. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetic alphabet tʃtʃ “c” in Malay: “cici” In English: “ch” as in “chin” “tch” as in “watch” “Č” in czech “ci” in Italian: “ciao”

21. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP 4. Phonetic alphabet  /æ/ is the “a” in ant  / ɑ :/ is the “a” in art  /ə/ is the “er” in teacher,

22. The problem with phonics for reading English  Because phonics is so complicated in English – you need other skills to read English:  Phonic skills  Word recognition skills  Understanding stories

23. Teaching phonics

24. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP a. Early phonic awareness   General sound discrimination   environmental sounds   instrumental sounds   body percussion   Rhythm and rhyme   Alliteration (same starting letter)   Voice sounds   Oral blending and segmenting

25. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP b. Introducing Letter-sounds  Use advice in the KSSR teacher’s guide  Stick to the short vowels  Use letter sounds not names  Use songs and chants  Use a letter bag

26. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP b. Introducing Letter-sounds Be careful – which is the odd one odd?:  igloo  ink  ice-cream  itch  otter  ostrich  onion

27. c) Practice discriminating  Little and often  Can the children tell if a sound is in a word or not?  Can the children tell the difference between sounds?  Try to pick up the children who really don’t get it

28. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP d) Segmenting  Breaking a word into sounds  A skill that helps with spelling  cat = c+a+t

29. Creating Opportunity Worldwide ELTDP d) Blending  Putting sounds together  A skill that is useful in reading  c+a+t = “cat”